Men's Reproductive Health Flashcards
___, or male sex hormones, control the development and maintenance of sexual processes, accessory sexual organs, cellular metabolism, and bone and muscle growth
androgens
___, an anabolic steroid, is the principal male sex hormone
testosterone
synthesized primarily in the testes and to a lesser extent in the adrenal cortex
___ is responsible for the development of male sex characteristics
this leads to development of secondary sex characteristics such as pubic hair growth, beard and body hair growth, baldness, deepening male voice, thickening of skin, sebaceous gland activity, increased musculature, bone development, and RBC formation
testosterone
male ___ is a defect of the reproductive system that results in failure of the testes to produce testosterone, sperm, or both
hypogonadism
the clearest indication for exogenous androgen therapy
artificial induction of puberty is undertaken only after boys reach ___ years of age and after hypothalamic and pituitary function has been assessed
15-17
a 4-6 month trial of androgen therapy is implemented, followed by a similar period of rest for reevaluation
it takes 3-4 years for sexual development to occur; plasma testosterone lvls should be monitored and dosages adjusted as needed to maintain normal lvls
indications in women for testosterone therapy
Endometriosis, carcinoma of the breast, menopause
side effects of androgen therapy
priapism (painful, continuous erection), gynecomastia, halt of spermatogenesis (formation of sperm)
nausea, diarrhea, constipation, hives or redness at the injection site, increased salivation, mouth soreness, and increased or decreased sexual desire
adverse reactions of androgen therapy in women or hypogonadal males
facial hair, acne and skin oiliness, vocal huskiness, menstrual irregularities or amenorrhea, suppressed ovulation or lactation, baldness or hirsutism, and hypertrophy of the clitoris
most adverse effects slowly reverse after therapy stops, but vocal changes may be permanent
children may experience profound ___ as well as impaired bone growth
virilization (development of male secondary sex characteristics)
contraindications to androgen therapy
1) pregnancy
2) nephrosis
3) hypercalcemia
4) pituitary insufficiency
5) hepatic dysfunction
6) BPH
7) prostate cancer
8) history of MI
9) men w/ breast cancer
when to caution androgen therapy
HTN, hypercholesterolemia, CAD, renal disease, or seizure disorder
drug interactions with androgen therapy
1) increase PO anticoags (decrease dose)
2) antagonize calcitonin and parathyroid hormones
3) decrease blood glucose (reduce insulin or other antidiabetic agents)
4) barbiturates, phenytoin, and phenylbutazone decrease the effects of androgens
related to the hormone testosterone, increase protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles
also have androgenic and virilizing properties, including the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair
anabolic steroids
banned in sports
effects of AASs
increased LDLs and decreased HDLs
liver damage
block the synthesis or actions of androgens
used in treatment of BPH, prostate cancer, endometriosis, male pattern baldness, acne, hirsutism, virilization syndrome in women, and precocious puberty in boys
inhibit sex drive in sex offenders
antiandrogens
(e.g. finasteride)
