Eye Meds Flashcards
used frequently to locate extraocular lesions or foreign objects, evaluate dry eyes, or evaluate extraocular changes
diagnostic stains
visualize for defects and contact fittings.
yellow/green when under cobalt blue or wood lamp
fluorescein stain
to visualize defects or dry eye
pink-violet color
rose bengal
visualize defects and dry eyes
defective cells stained green
lissamine green
used in some eye exams and ophthalmic procedures by locally blocking pain signals
topical anesthetics (proparacaine HCl and tetracaine HCl)
corneal anesthesia usually starts within ___ and lasts about ___
1 min (15sec) and 15 min
what reflex is lost with topical eye anesthetics
blink (corneal epithelium may become dry; need to protect eye)
“pink eye”
conjuctivitis
infection of margins of the eyelid
blepharitis
infection of meibomian glands of eyelids that produce cysts
chalazion
infection and inflammation of inner eye
endophthalmitis
local infection of eyelash follicles and glands “stye”
hordeolum
corneal infection/inflammation
keratitis
infection of vascular layer of eye
uveitis
meds that are frequently used for eye infections
antiinfectives (antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals)
dry eyes
xerophthalmia
treats inflammatory conditions of the eye not related to infectious pathogens
antiinflammatories (NSAIDS and corticosteriods)
when allergies are the cause of eye inflammation use what
antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers
to treat eye inflammation that presents with redness due to vascular congestion of the conjunctiva
decongestants (vasoconstrict)
do what when applying ophthalmic decongestants
occlude lacrimal duct (increase SNS and contraindicated in POAG)
moisten eyes to alleviate discomfort such as burning or irritation
lubricants
overproduction of the fluid or improper drainage causes IOP to increase and this buildup of pressure can damage the optic nerve and result in ____
glaucoma
2 types of glaucoma
open and closed
most common type of glaucoma that develops overtime as the trabecular meshwork becomes clogged for unknown reasons
POAG
glaucoma that occurs as a result of an injury, disease, or medication
secondary glaucoma
people at risk for glaucoma should avoid what med
decongestants
each category acts in different ways to decrease IOP
- prostaglandin analogues
- beta blockers
- alpha agonists
- cholinergic agents
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- systemic hyperosmotic drugs
first-line drugs in POAG and ocular hypertension
darkening of eyelid and eyelash hypertrichosis
prostaglandin analogues
(-prost)
cause miosis and contraction of ciliary muscle which help the outflow of aqueous humor
cholingeric agents (pilocarpine)
same action as parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine
first-line treatment in glaucoma decreasing IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous humor
beta blockers (selective or nonselective)
-olol
since beta blockers can cause systemic effects (slowing HR, AV block, and heart failure) what med do you need available
atropine
control or prevent IOP post-surgically by decreasing production and improving outflow of aqueous humor
contraindication: MAOI therapy
alpha agonists
-nidine
decrease IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous humor and initially developed as diuretics used for POAG and closed
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
-zolamide
polyuria (watch fluid and electrolyte balances)
SULFA DRUG
wait ___ min before giving another eye drop
5
dilate the pupils
mydriatics
paralyze the muscles of accomodation
cycloplegics
a classification that is both a mydriatic and cycloplegic
anticholinergic
contraindicated in angle-closure glaucoma
