Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists

Question 1

acts on smooth muscles and glands

Functions include: control and regulation of the heart, respiratory system, GI tract, bladder, eyes, and glands

Answer 1

autonomic nervous system

Question 2

the 4 types of the adrenergic receptor organ cells

Answer 2

alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2

Question 3

mimic the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepi and epi

Answer 3

sympathomimetics

Question 4

increases force of heart contraction; vasoconstriction increases blood pressure; mydriasis (pupil dilation); saliva secretion decreases; urinary bladder relaxation and urinary sphincter contraction increases

Answer 4

Alpha1 (vasoconstriction)

Question 5

Inhibits release of norepi; dilates blood vessels; produces hypotension; decreases GI motility and tone

Answer 5

Alpha2 (vasodilation)

Question 6

Increases HR and force of contraction; increases renin secretion, which increases BP

Answer 6

Beta1 (increase HR and increase contractility)

Question 7

Dilates bronchioles; promotes GI and uterine relaxation; promotes increase in blood glucose through glycogenolysis in the liver; increases blood flow in skeletal muscles

Answer 7

Beta2 (bronchodilation)

Question 8

located in the renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral arteries

vessels dilate and blood flow increases

Answer 8

dopaminergic

Question 9

3 categories of sympathomimetics

Answer 9

1. direct-acting (directly stimulate adrenergic receptor)
2. indirect-acting (stimulate release of norepi)
3. mixed-acting (both direct and indirect)

Question 10

example of mixed-acting

Answer 10

pseudoephedrine and ephedrine

Question 11

___ are chemical structures of a substance, either endogenous or synthetic, that can produce a sympathomimetic response

Answer 11

catecholamines

Question 12

examples of endogenous catecholamines

Answer 12

epi, norepi, and dopamine

Question 13

examples of synthetic catecholamines

Answer 13

isoproterenol and dobutamine

Question 14

examples of noncatecholamines that stimulate adrenergic receptors

Answer 14

phenylephrine, metaproterenol, and albuterol

Question 15

which receptors does epi act on?

Answer 15

alpha1, beta1, and beta2 (nonselective)

increase BP, pupil dilation, increase HR, and bronchodilation; decreases renal perfusion which decreases urinary output (oliguria)

Question 16

___ is given in anaphylactic shock because it increases BP, HR, and airflow through the lungs

Answer 16

epinephrine

Question 17

___ is selective for beta2-adrenergic receptors, so the response is relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and bronchodilation to prevent and treat bronchospasm

Answer 17

albuterol sulfate

Question 18

drug interactions with epi

Answer 18

digoxin (dysrhymias)
beta blockers (decrease epi action)

Question 19

routes of epi administration

Answer 19

subq, IM, IV, inhaled

Question 19

what is the antidote to epi and used when extravasation of epi occurs?

Answer 19

phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)

Question 20

central acting and produce vasodilation by stimulating alpha2 receptors in the CNS, leading to a decrease in BP

act by decreasing the release of norepi from the sympathetic nerves and by decreasing peripheral adrenergic receptor activation

Answer 20

alpha2 drugs (agonists)

clonidine and methyldopa (ggmc)

Question 21

example of direct acting sympathomimetics

Answer 21

epinephrine and norepi

Question 22

example of indirect acting sympathomimetic

Answer 22

amphetamine

Question 23

drugs that intensify and prolong epi effects

Answer 23

tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)