Lower Resp Meds Flashcards
an inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction
asthma
one of the COPD lung diseases, is characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, mucous secretions, and dyspnea
bronchial asthma
a progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections. Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretion result in airway obstruction
chronic bronchitis
dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles is abnormal and secondary to frequent infection and inflammation
bronchiectasis
the terminal bronchioles become plugged with mucus, causing a loss in the fiber and elastin network in the alveoli
emphysema
what is responsible for bronchodilation?
cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
what classification of med increases cAMP causing bronchodilation?
sympathomimetics (alpha- and beta2 adrenergic agonists)
what to give for bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis?
nonselective sympathomimetic (epinephrine: alpha1, beta1, and beta2 agonist)
selective beta2-adrenergic agonists
albuterol, metaproterenol (some beta1), (-rol = beta2), (-nol beta2 and some beta1)
for exercise induced bronchospasm prophylaxis
salmeterol and formoterol
for asthma and COPD acute and prophylaxis
terbutaline sulfate
beta2 agonists can increase ____ that should be monitored?
blood sugar (diabetics need to pay attention)
maintenance of COPD and asthma
MOA: blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors and antagonizes acetylcholine action by inhibiting M3 receptor response to acetylcholine, thereby relaxing smooth muscle of bronchi; dilates bronchi
anticholinergics (tiotropium)
second major group of bronchodilators that are used to treat asthma; stimulate the CNS and respiration, dilate coronary and pulmonary vessels, and cause diuresis
methylxanthine (xanthine) derivatives
relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase of cAMP, which promotes bronchodilation
aminophylline-theophylline
theophylline has a low therapeutic index and a narrow desired therapeutic range
5-15 mcg/mL
toxicity at 20 mcg/mL
how can aminophylline be given
IV admin slowly through an infusion pump
a chemical mediator that can cause inflammatory changes in the lung
leukotriene
(promote an increase in eosinophil migration, mucous production, and airway wall edema that results in bronchoconstriction)
effective in reducing the inflammatory symptoms of asthma triggered by allergic and environmental stimuli
LT modifiers
(not recommended for treatment of acute asthmatic attacks; rather, they are used for exercise-induced asthma)
example of LT modifier
montelukast
used to treat respiratory disorders, particularly asthma; anti-inflammatory action and are indicated if asthma is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy
glucocorticoids
fungal infections can occur with glucocorticoid use. How could that be prevented?
spacer and rinsing mouth after each use
prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma by inhibiting release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells to prevent an asthma attack
cromolyn
side effect of cromolyn
cough and irritation of nose and throat
what is a serious side effect of cromolyn
rebound bronchospasm
what to use in young children to treat the inflammatory effects of asthma
cromolyn and oral glucocorticoids
used if a bacterial infection results from retained mucous secretions
antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
