Lower Resp Meds

Question 1

an inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction

Answer 1

asthma

Question 2

one of the COPD lung diseases, is characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, mucous secretions, and dyspnea

Answer 2

bronchial asthma

Question 3

a progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections. Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretion result in airway obstruction

Answer 3

chronic bronchitis

Question 4

dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles is abnormal and secondary to frequent infection and inflammation

Answer 4

bronchiectasis

Question 5

the terminal bronchioles become plugged with mucus, causing a loss in the fiber and elastin network in the alveoli

Answer 5

emphysema

Question 6

what is responsible for bronchodilation?

Answer 6

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

Question 7

what classification of med increases cAMP causing bronchodilation?

Answer 7

sympathomimetics (alpha- and beta2 adrenergic agonists)

Question 8

what to give for bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis?

Answer 8

nonselective sympathomimetic (epinephrine: alpha1, beta1, and beta2 agonist)

Question 9

selective beta2-adrenergic agonists

Answer 9

albuterol, metaproterenol (some beta1), (-rol = beta2), (-nol beta2 and some beta1)

Question 10

for exercise induced bronchospasm prophylaxis

Answer 10

salmeterol and formoterol

Question 11

for asthma and COPD acute and prophylaxis

Answer 11

terbutaline sulfate

Question 12

beta2 agonists can increase ____ that should be monitored?

Answer 12

blood sugar (diabetics need to pay attention)

Question 13

maintenance of COPD and asthma

MOA: blocks the muscarinic cholinergic receptors and antagonizes acetylcholine action by inhibiting M3 receptor response to acetylcholine, thereby relaxing smooth muscle of bronchi; dilates bronchi

Answer 13

anticholinergics (tiotropium)

Question 14

second major group of bronchodilators that are used to treat asthma; stimulate the CNS and respiration, dilate coronary and pulmonary vessels, and cause diuresis

Answer 14

methylxanthine (xanthine) derivatives

Question 15

relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase of cAMP, which promotes bronchodilation

Answer 15

aminophylline-theophylline

Question 16

theophylline has a low therapeutic index and a narrow desired therapeutic range

Answer 16

5-15 mcg/mL
toxicity at 20 mcg/mL

Question 17

how can aminophylline be given

Answer 17

IV admin slowly through an infusion pump

Question 18

a chemical mediator that can cause inflammatory changes in the lung

Answer 18

leukotriene
(promote an increase in eosinophil migration, mucous production, and airway wall edema that results in bronchoconstriction)

Question 19

effective in reducing the inflammatory symptoms of asthma triggered by allergic and environmental stimuli

Answer 19

LT modifiers
(not recommended for treatment of acute asthmatic attacks; rather, they are used for exercise-induced asthma)

Question 20

example of LT modifier

Answer 20

montelukast

Question 21

used to treat respiratory disorders, particularly asthma; anti-inflammatory action and are indicated if asthma is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy

Answer 21

glucocorticoids

Question 22

fungal infections can occur with glucocorticoid use. How could that be prevented?

Answer 22

spacer and rinsing mouth after each use

Question 23

prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma by inhibiting release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells to prevent an asthma attack

Answer 23

cromolyn

Question 24

side effect of cromolyn

Answer 24

cough and irritation of nose and throat

Question 25

what is a serious side effect of cromolyn

Answer 25

rebound bronchospasm

Question 26

what to use in young children to treat the inflammatory effects of asthma

Answer 26

cromolyn and oral glucocorticoids

Question 27

used if a bacterial infection results from retained mucous secretions

Answer 27

antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)