Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm II > Endocrine Drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the master gland?

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the anterior pituitary gland is called ___

A

adenohypophysis

secretes glands that target glands and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the hormones that are secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

1) TSH
2) PRL
3) FSH
4) LH
5) ACTH
6) GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hormone that stimulates growth in the tissue and bone

A

GH (growth hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hormone that acts on the thyroid

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gonadotropins which affect the ovaries and testes

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hormone which primarily affects the breast tissues to produce milk

A

PRL (prolactin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the amount of each hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by a ____ feedback system

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if a child’s height is well below the standard for a specified age, ___ deficiency may be the cause

A

GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___ is a GH used to treat growth failure in children because of GH deficiency

A

somatropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GH replacement is contraindicated in children who are ___, ___, and ___

A

diabetic, obese, and respiratory impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which stimulates the pituitary corticotrophs to secrete ____

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ACTH stimulates the release of ____, ____, and ____ from the adrenal cortex and ____ from the adrenal medulla

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and androgen

catecholamines (epi and norepi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the posterior pituitary gland, known as the ____

A

neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the posterior pituitary gland secretes what

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

___ promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules to maintain water balance in the body fluids

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When there is a deficiency of ADH, large amounts of water are excreted by the kidneys. This condition, called _____, can lead to severe fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalances

A

diabetes insipidus (DI)

excessive thirst and increased urination (monitor I&O)

20
Q

ADH preparations

A

vasopressin and desmopressin (does not induce the release of ACTH)

available nasal spray, PO, and parenteral formulations

21
Q

___ T4 and ___ TSH levels indicate primary hypothyroidism; the causes of which are acute or chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland

A

decreased and elevated

22
Q

___ is severe hypothyroidism in the adult; symptoms include lethargy; apathy; memory impairment; emotional changes; slow speech; a deep, coarse voice; edema of the eyelids and face; dry skin; cold intolerance; slow pulse; constipation; weight gain; abnormal menses

A

myxedema

23
Q

____ is the drug of choice for replacement therapy for the treatment of primary hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine sodium

24
Q

drug interactions with levothyroxine

A

increase effects of anticoags

25
Q

___ is an increase in circulating T3 and T4 levels, which usually results from an overactive thyroid gland or excessive output of thyroid hormones from one or more thyroid nodules

A

hyperthyroidism

26
Q

what is the most common type of hyperthyroidism?

A

graves disease (thyrotoxicosis)

27
Q

what is the purpose of antithyroid drugs?

A

reduce the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones by inhibiting thyroid secretion

28
Q

kinds of antithyroid drugs/treatments

A

radioiodine therapy, propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole, thyroid surgery

PTU and methimazole (thioamides) given before radioiodine therapy or thyroid surgery

radioiodine therapy oftens leads to permanent hypothyroidism

29
Q

NIs for antithyroid drugs

A

monitor vitals and weight, take meds at the same time, check blood serum levels of THs

30
Q

interactions with antithyroid drugs

A

increase oral anticoags, decrease effect of insulin and oral antidiabetics, digoxin and lithium increase thyroid drug actions, and phenytoin increases serum T3 lvl

31
Q

the parathyroid glands secrete ___

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

32
Q

PTH regulates serum calcium lvls in 3 ways…

A

1) enhances the release of calcium from the bones
2) enhances calcium reabsorption in the renal tubules
3) enhances calcium absorption in the intestines by increasing the production of activated vit D

33
Q

causes of hypoparathyroidism

A

1) hypomagnesemia
2) hypocalcemia
3) vit D deficiency
4) renal impairment
5) diuretic therapy

34
Q

which hormone from the thyroid decreases serum calcium lvls

A

calcitonin

(PTH increases calcium and Calcitonin decreases calcium)

35
Q

which vitamin do you need to absorb calcium

A

vit D

36
Q

normal lvl of calcium

A

8.5-10.5

37
Q

___ is a vit D analogue that promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract and promotes secretion of calcium from bone to bloodstream

A

calcitriol (treat hypothyroidism and hypocalcemia)

38
Q

___ is excessive PTH and can be caused by malignancies of the parathyroid glands

A

hyperparathyroidism

(e.g. Calcitonin-salmon and cinacalcet)

39
Q

with parathyroid issues assess for what?

A

assess for tetany by monitoring calcium levels (decreased calcium lvls)

40
Q

what are the hormones secreted from the adrenal medulla

A

epi and norepi

41
Q

the adrenal cortex produces two types of steroid hormones ___ and ___ and, to a lesser extent, the adrenal ___ and ___

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), androgens and estrogens

42
Q

indications for glucocorticoid therapy

A

trauma, surgery, inflammation, emotional upsets, and anxiety

treat many diseases and health problems, including inflammatory, allergic, and debilitating conditions

(e.g. MS, RA, myasthenia gravis, ulcerative colitis, glomerulonephritis, shock, ocular and vascular inflammation, polyarteritis nodosa, hepatitis)

organ transplant recipients may require glucocorticoids to prevent organ rejection

43
Q

when steroid therapy is discontinued, the dose should be ___ to allow the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other corticosteroids

A

tapered

abrupt withdrawal of the drug can result in severe adrenocortical insufficiency

44
Q

side effects of glucocorticoids

A

decrease immune system, increased blood glucose, flushing, weight gain (sodium and water retention)

45
Q

___ promote sodium and water retention and potassium and hydrogen excretion in the renal tubules

maintain fluid balance by promoting the reabsorption of sodium from the renal tubules

A

mineralocorticoids

when hypovolemia occurs, more aldosterone is secreted to increase sodium and water retention

46
Q

___ is an oral mineralocorticoid that can be given with a glucocorticoid

In larger doses, it can inhibit endogenous hormone secretions of adrenal cortex and pituitary gland, causing a ___ therefore a ___ diet is usually indicated

A

fludrocortisone

negative nitrogen balance and high-protein diet

47
Q

hypokalemia may cause ___ ___ that can cause GI symptoms (N/V), orthostatic hypotension, cardiac rhythm changes, weakness, anorexia, and myalgia

A

metabolic alkalosis

Pharm II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions