Memory - Types of Memory Flashcards
Define coding
The form that information is stored in
Define retrieval
accessing information from long-term memory
What does short term memory contain?
small amounts of information which we are currently aware of
What coding is used for short term memory?
Acoustic (sounds/words/rhythms)
What is the capacity of short term memory?
Limited - 7 plus or minus two on average
What are the 3 types of memory?
Sensory Register
Short term memory
Long term memory
What is the coding for long term memory?
Semantic and Procedural
What is the capacity of long term memory?
potentially unlimited - lifelong
What is the duration of short term memory?
18-30 seconds
What does sensory memory hold?
information from the senses
What is the duration of sensory memory?
0.5 seconds - unless we pay attention it spontaneously decays very quickly
Describe the method of Sperling’s experiment into sensory memory
ppts shown a 3 by 4 grid of letters for 50 milliseconds
they then had to immediately recall either the whole grid (IV1) or a randomly selected row (IV2)
What were the results of Sperling’s experiment into sensory memory?
IV1 - four or five letters successfully recalled on average
IV2 - average of 3 letters, no matter which row selected
What were the conclusions of Sperling’s experiment?
As the ppts in IV2 didn’t know which row would be selected, they could recall 3 letters from any row - so therefore the whole grid must be in their sensory memory
However they couldn’t recall the whole grid because the trace had faded before they could finish recalling
Describe the procedure for Glanzer and Cunitz’s experiment (1996)
ppts were shown a list of 20 words, presented one at a time, and then asked to recall them all
What were the findings of Glanzer and Cunitz study into the multi-store model (1966)?
the serial position effect
What is the serial position effect?
when asking people to remember a list of words greater than the capacity of STM, words tend to be remembered from the beginning and end of the list
What does the serial position effect consist of?
The primary effect and the recency effect
What is the primary effect?
The first 5 or so items are remembered
What is the recency effect?
The last 5 or so items are remembered
What are the 4 types of long term memory?
Procedural
Episodic
Semantic
Emotional/Attatchment
Define episodic memory
memories with a narrative
Define procedural memory
Unconcious memories that someone is not always aware of eg muscle memories - like riding a bike
