Memory - Multi-store Model Flashcards
What are the three types of memory?
- Sensory Register
- Short term memory
- Long term memory
What types of coding does each type of memory have?
- SR: Iconic and echoic coding
- STM: Acoustic coding
- LTM: Semantic coding
What are the capacities of each type of memory?
- SR: Unlimited
- STM: Limited (7+-2)
- LTM: Unlimited
What are the durations of each type of memory?
- SR: Limited to less than half a second
- STM: Limited to 18-30 seconds
- LTM: Unlimited
What are the strengths of the Multi-Store Model?
Research support for:
Encoding (Baddeley, recall of acoustically similar words)
Capacity of STM limited (Jacobs, numbers-9.3, letters-7.3)
Duration of SR, STM and LTM
Case study of HM supports the model
What are the limitations of the Multi-Store Model?
Original model was incomplete
Model is based on research which uses artificial tasks
What research supports encoding?
Baddeley (1966)
Found that immediate recall was worse for acoustically similar words.
Indicates coding in STM is acoustic
Also found that recall after 20 minutes was worse for semantically similar words. Words with similar meanings conflicted with each other.
Indicates coding in LTM is semantic
What research supports for the capacity of STM being limited?
Jacobs (1887)
Tested capacity in STM by saying a list of numbers or letters and increasing the length each time
Found that capacity for numbers was 9.3
Found that capacity for letters was 7.3
What research supports for the duration on the sensory register?
Sperling (1960)
Flashed a grid of letters on screen to participants for less than half a second
Participants could recall 4 or 5 letters
Shows that SR is less than one second
What research supports the duration of STM?
Peterson and Peterson (1959)
Read out a series of trigrams and participants were asked to count out loud backwards from a given number.
After a certain length of time they were asked to write down the trigram they had heard.
After 3 seconds, recall was 80%
After 18 seconds, recall was 3%
Showing duration of STM is about 18-30 seconds
What research is there to support the duration of LTM?
Bahrick (1975)
Tested participants on photo recognition of their yearbook classmates and recall test of their names.
Participants tested 15 years after graduation were 90% accurate on photos and 60% on recall.
Participants tested 48 years after graduation were 70% accurate on photos and 30% accurate on recall.
Shows that LTM is unlimited.
What case study supports the Multi-Store Model?
HM
He couldn’t make new LTMs
This suggests there are separate stores for STM and LTM
