Memory (forms) Flashcards
Ultra short term memory
DescriptionThis is also called sensoric or echoic/iconic memory and lasts from milliseconds to seconds
Short-term memory (The working memory model was proposed by Baddeley in 1974 and is a more sophisticated model to describe the short-term memory)
Lasts from seconds to minutes. A feature of short-term memory is capacity limitation with most people being able to retain about seven items in short-term memory.
Features of the working memory:
Phonological Loop - responsible for auditory and verbal information
Visuospatial Sketch Pad - where visual and spatial information is handled
Episodic buffer
Central executive - co-ordinates the other features of working memory
Long term memory
This refers to the retention of information from minutes to an entire lifetime. This does not appear to be capacity limited and results from changes to neuronal structure
Implicit (nondeclarative) memories fall into three types.
Procedural - the acquisition of sensorimotor, perceptual, or cognitive skills through repeated exposure
Priming - the facilitation of a response to an item previously encountered
Conditioning and extinction
Memory neuroscience
The hippocampal formation linked with regions of medial temporal lobe and parts of the prefontal cortex are involved with the encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. The memory traces themselves (called engrams) are stored in the neocortex.
Interactions with the hippocampal formation and the amygdala are important for emotional memories.
The basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in procedural memory.
The amygdala plays a key role in fear conditioning and extinction
The dorsolatereral prefontal cortex (DLPFC) is thought to be important for working memory.
Schemata
In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (plural schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.[1] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information.[2] Schemata influence attention and the absorption of new knowledge: people are more likely to notice things that fit into their schema, while re-interpreting contradictions to the schema as exceptions or distorting them to fit. Schemata have a tendency to remain unchanged, even in the face of contradictory information. Schemata can help in understanding the world and the rapidly changing environment.[3] People can organize new perceptions into schemata quickly as most situations do not require complex thought when using schema, since automatic thought is all that is required.[3]
Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/ is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field.
