memory AO3 Flashcards
A03 for high in mundane realism
The research into (…) is praised for being high in mundane realism as the research assessed real life examples of (…). This is a strength because it might be something you find yourself doing in everyday life, for example (…) Therefore it is easier to generalise the findings of the (…) to other real-life applications, thus increasing the overall external validity of the research.
AO3 for state dependent forgetting
+ RTS by Gooden (who had male volunteers learn a list of words whilst sober and then whilst drunk and asked to recall when in the opposite state
- lacks mundane realism as the task of remembering a list of words is artificial
+ practical applications have led to the cognative interview being used by police e.g. asking how they are feeling (state)
AO3 for little control over extraneous variables
The research into (…) can be criticised for having little control over EVs as the research did not take place in a controlled environment. For example (…) was not controlled. This means cause and effect cannot be clearly established between the Iv (…) and the DV (…) so accurate conclusions cannot be drawn into (…). This reduces the internal validity of the research.
AO3 for interference theory
+ RTS McGeoch and McDonald did a study into List A and List B (learning list A with 100% accuracy and then learning List B)
+ their study was high in reliability
- their study lacks mundane realism
AO3 for high in reliability
The research into (…) is praised for being high in reliability. This is because the research was carried out in a controlled environment (a lab). This means that the experiment can be repeated in the same conditions for example (…) to check for consistent results into the research of (…).
AO3 of cognative interview
+ RTS by Konhen et al who did a meta-analysis of 50 studies and found the CI had a 41% increase in correct information recalled than the standard interview
- Konhen RTS is criticised as the SI brings in 61% more false positives than the standard interview which could lead to false imprisonments and wasting police time
- Konhens research could have a negative effect on the economy
A03 for Bahricks research into the duration of LTM
+ high in mundane realism
- low control over extraneous variables
AO3 for anxiety
+ Johnson and Scott’s research into anxiety has high control over EVs
+ Johnson and Scott’s research into anxiety is high in reliability
- Johnson and Scott’s research into anxiety lacks ecological validity
- RTC Johnson and Scott’s research into anxiety was conducted by Christainson and Hubinette who interviewed 58 witnesses of a real life bank robbery and found that recall was 75% more accurate by those who had been directly threatened (high anxiety situation) because they where able to focus on key aspects of the event.
AO3 of Baddely, Miller, Peterson+Peterson research into coding, capacity and duration of memory
+ high in reliability
+ high control over extraneous variables
- lacks mundane realism
AO3 for high control over Extraneous variable
The research can be praised for having high control over extraneous variables. This is because the research was carried out in a controlled environment (a lab) meaning that (…). This means the researcher is more likely to establish cause and effect between the IV (…) and the DV (…). Therefore, this increases the overall internal validity of the research.
AO3 for (mis)leading questions
+ practical applications as it has led to the development of the cognative interview which avoids leading questions and uses a variety of techniques e.g. “recall everything”
- Loftus and Palmer’s research lacks mundane realism
+ Loftus and Palmer’s research is high in reliability
+ Loftus and Palmer’s research has high control over EVs
AO3 for context dependent forgetting
+ RTS done by Baddley and Gooden (who had scuba-divers learn a list of words underwater/on land and then recall the list in the opposite setting)
- Baddley argues that context isnt that strong as in every day life you won’t likely be in a situation with contrasting contexts as much as on land/underwater
+ practical applications have led to the cognative interview being used by police e.g. asking witnesses to put themself back at the scene of the crime
AO3 for multi-store model of memory
+ Case study on Clive Wearing - - - but has low population validity
+ Baddely found the STM and LTM where seperate, unitary stores
- Shallice and Warrington’s Patient KF suggests there must be different stores in the STM
AO3 for lacks mundane realism
The research into (…) lacks mundane realism. The task of (…) is artificial. This means it is difficult to generalise the findings that (…) to real life examples of (…) as the research does not reflect most real-life (…) activitys where (…). This therefore lowers the external validity of the research into (…)
AO3 for post-event discussion
+ RTS by Skagerberg and Wright (made ppts watch a video of a mugging with one condition having light brown hair and the other having dark brown ahir and found that ppts blended their answers into ‘medium brown hair’
- Skagerberg and Wright’s research lacks ecological validity
+ Skagerberg and Wright’s research is high in reliability
