memory AO1

Question 1

context-depended forgetting

Answer 1

one type retrieval failure where forgetting occurs due to a lack of external cues to trigger recall because the environment is different at recall to when the information was coded meaning forgetting is more likely

Question 2

cognative interview

Answer 2

fisher and geiselman
technique used in police interviews to increase the accuracy of witnesses testimony, open question, witnesses can expand and aren’t interrupted
- recall everything = witnesses are asked to recall everything they remember from the event even if it seems irrelevant
- context reinstatement = witnesses are told to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime imagining the environment, scene and emotions
- recall in reverse = witnesses are asked to report everything that happened backwards
- recall from a changed perspective = witnesses are asked to recall the event from another persons perspective to witnessed the crime

Question 3

state-dependent forgetting

Answer 3

one type of retrieval failure where forgetting occurs due to a lack of internal cues to trigger recall because a persons physical or emotional state is different at recall to when the information was coded meaning forgetting is more likely

Question 4

duration - peterson and peterson

Answer 4

consonant triagram

Question 5

what is a leading question

Answer 5

something that wrongly implies something about an event or crime
e.g. what colour was the youths jacket suggests the perpetrator was young
this can lead to memory contamination and therefore witnesses can recall inaccurate infirmation

Question 6

miller - capacity

Answer 6

digit span technique

Question 7

anxiety

Answer 7

johnson and scott
ppts heard an arguament and saw
1. man exit with a knife covered in blood
2. man exit with grease on his hands holding a pen
ppts had to identify man from 50 photos
high anx condition correctly identifies 49%
low anw condition correctly identifed 33%

Question 8

duration - bharick

Answer 8

yearbook photo

Question 9

coding - baddley

Answer 9

word lists

Question 10

post event discussion

Answer 10

memory contamination = co-witnesses to a crime discuss with eachother their EWT may become altered. this is because they combine (mis)information from other witnesses with their own memories, meaning that their memories have changed because of PED
memory conformity = witnesses go along with eachother in order to win social approval (NSI) or because they believe the other witness is right and they are wrong (ISI). however their memory remains unchanged but the accuracy of recall has been effected

Question 11

edpisodic memory

Answer 11

• events
• declarative
• involve conscious recall
• time stamped
• hippocampus

Question 12

interference theory

Answer 12

two types of information, coded at different times become confused in the LTM. one memory disrupts the ability to recall another and this is most likely to occur when the information is similar
proative - past disrupts recent
retroactive - recent disrupts past

Question 13

misleading question

Answer 13

loftus and palmer
showed ppts a video of a car crash and asked the question “how fast where the cars travelling when they … eachother” but used 4 different verbs: smashed, hit, collided, bumped, contacted
ppts guessed 40.5 mph for smashed and 31.8 for contacted

Question 14

semantic memory

Answer 14

• knowing facts
• e.g. capital
• declarative
• involve conscious recall
• not time stamped
• temporal lobe

Question 15

procedural memory

Answer 15

• how
• motor skills
• non-declarative
• cerebellum and motor cortex