Memory Flashcards
Sensory Memory vs Short-Term Memory (STM) vs Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Sensory memory involves transforming sensory input into the type of data that can be understand and storing the information as a visual or auditory image. It is temporary last 0.5 seconds for visual images and 4 seconds for sounds
Short-term memory works toprocess ongoing information and to store memories for up to 30 seconds. It consists fo 2 components: primary memory and working memory.
Long-term memory is meithr limited in capacity nor duration. It has two components: recent memory and remote memory.
Rehearsal vs. Chunking
Rehearsing is the deliberate repetition, usually acoustic (speaking) of the information to enhance one’s short-term memory for it to be transferred into long-term memory.
Chuncking involves transforming separent items into meanigul units and thereby increasing the ability to remember the items. The average person can remember 5 to 9 items form a list of unrelated items.
Iconic Memory vs. Echoic Memory
Types of semsory memory:
Iconic memory is visual memory
Echoic memory is auditory or sound memory
Recent Menory vs. Remote Memory
Types of long-term memory:
Recent memory (intermediate memory) that last about 2 weeks.
Remote memory (long-term memory) that last two years or more.
Zeigarnik effect vs. Redintegration
Zeigarnik Effect is when a person is trying to solve a problem involving recall and comes to an impass, the bain continues to work unconsciously until a solution is obtained.
Redintigration occurs when something (smell, song) rapidly uncloks a chain of memories. *smell of grits led to thought of Grandma
Sematic Memory vs. Episodic Memory
Types of declarative memory:
Semantic memory- memory of meanings of words, facts, and how they related to each other. It depends upon our capacity to recall abstract information or images.
Episodic memory- refers to the capacity to recall autobiographical events , or wneh and when a specific event occurred.
Procedural Memory vs. Delarative Memory
There are two classification schemas for memory:
Declarative memory or implicit memory involves conscious recollection of information or experiences. Delectactive memory is further divided into sematic and episodic memory.
Procedural memory- procdeural, implicit, or non-declaative memory involves recollection of skills, phsycial operations, and procedures that are remembered automatically without conscious awareness. Example, riding a bike.
Long-term Potentiation
The physicaological process by which short-term memories become long-term memories. It is thought that repeated stimulation of a synapse leads to chemical and structural changes in the dendrite of the receiving neuron, thus leading to increased sensitivity of the neuro to stimulation.
Retroactive Inhibition/Interferance vs. Proactive Inhibition/Interference
Types of interference. Inference theory proposes that we forget because other material inferfers with the ability to learn or retrieve the target material.
- Retroactive inhibition occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to recall material learned in the past.
Proactive inhibition occurs when previously learned material interfes with the ability to lear or recall current material
Method of loci, pegword system, word associations, and substitute word system
Types of atrategies and approaches (mnemocics) to enhance memory:
- Methode of loci- involves forming a visual image of items on one’s list and putting each in a spechich place as one mentally walks through a room. Or using a clock face to remember items.
- Pegword system- first memorise a set of ten visual images that can be pegs on which to hang ideas. Example, trying to remember a list of items to by, one may associate ketchup with hamburger buns.
- Word associations- involves forming workds or sentences with the first letter of the items being memorized.
- Substitute word technique- one breaks down the word to be remembered into parts, and substitutes works that are more familiar and can be visualized.
Types of amnesia: anterograde, retrograde, posttraumatic and paramnesia
Antrograde amnesisa- is impairement in acquiring new memories after an accident has occurred.
Retrograde amnesia involves the loss of memories for events that occurred before an injury of disease.
Posttraumatic amnesia involves the loss of memory for events occurring a short time after a trauma.
Paramnesia is a distortion of memory and involves confabulation, or the type of errors made when someone is attempting to reconstruct the past.
*Confabulation– making up stories to fill in any gaps in one’s memory
