memory Flashcards
what is coding
the way information is changed so that it can be stored in memory
what is maintenance rehearsal
repetition keeps information in STM but so much repetition create LTM
retrieval
the process of getting information from LTM involves info passing back through STM
attention
persons attention focused on one sensory store
what was Conrad 1964
observed that verbal rehearsal was used to help recall
supports coding
who developed the working memory model
Braddeley and Hitch 1974
what are the slave systems in the WMM
central executive phonological loop episodic buffer visuo-spatial sketchpad LTM
what are the 2 parts to the phonological loop and explain them
1) primary acoustic store ( inner ear)– stores words recently heard
2) articulatory process ( inner voice) keeps info in phonological loop by sub vocal repetition
who divided the visual spatial sketchpad into 2 parts
Logie 1995
what are the functions of the 2 parts in the visual spatial sketchpad
1) visual cache- stores visual material about form and colour
2) inner scribe- handles spatial relationships
who created the multi store model of memory MSM
Atkinson and Shirffin 1968
strength of the MSM
neuroscience uses evidence from FMRI brain scans- the hippocampus is active during LTM tasks and the prefrontal cortex is active during STm tasks
weakness of the MSM
Craik and Lockhart 1972
suggest LTM requires more than maintenance rehearsal to retain memories
deep processing is needed during more complex things
central executive– Baddeley 1996
participants found it difficult to generate lists of random numbers while simultaneously switching between pressing numbers and letters on a keyboard
- suggesting both tasks were competing for limited CE resources
episodic LTM
type of LTM
personal event
semantic LTM
type of LTM
allows to remember meaning of words, info from around the world
not personal
procedural LTM
type of LTM
element responsible on knowing how do things
what is retroactive interference
new memories have a retrospective effect on trying to retrieve older memories
what is proactive interference
when old information prevents the recall of newer information
interference theory – postman 1960
to investigate how retroactive interference effects learning
a lab experiment
2 groups had to learn list of paired words, but one group had to learn another list of words but the second word was different
the control group was more accurate
learning items in second list interfered with the ability to recall
what s context dependent forgetting
Retrieval cues may be based on context-the setting or situation in which information is encoded and retrieved.
what is state dependent forgetting
retrieval is that memory will be best when a person’s physical or psychological state is similar at encoding and retrieval.
what is retrieval failure
lack of accessibility in LTM due to absent of cues
