Cultural Variation- Attachment Flashcards
what are the two main types of cultures
individualistic cultures
collectivist cultures
what is individualistic cultures
value independence and work to their own individual goals
what is a collectivist culture
value cooperation and work towards the family or group goals
example of individualistic culture
western cultures
example of collectivist culture
eastern cultures
what key study is involved with cultural variations
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonerberg 1988
what does cultural variation mean
the ways different groups of people vary in terms of social practices and its effects on development and behaviour
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonerberg 1988 aim
to investigate if attachment styles are universal across cultures or culturally specific
Van Ijzendoorn Kroonerberg 1988 procedure
conducted a meta-analysis of the findings from 32 studies in 8 different countries using the strange situation procedure to study attachment
they calculated the average percentage for different attachment styles in each country
Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonerberg 1988 findings
secure attachment most common type in all cultures
individualistic countries such as Germany had high anxious avoidant
where was the lowest percentage of secure attachment
China
where was the highest percentage of secure attachment
Great Britain
conclusion -secure attachment
overall consistency in secure attachment types leads to belief in innate characteristics between caregiver interactions
conclusion- insecure attachment
variation in attachment to child rearing practices and environmental practices
evaluation- strange situation tests
it assumes that behaviour has the same meaning in all cultures when infant cultural perception and understanding is different
