Memory Flashcards
Define learning
The process by which we acquire new info about the world
Define memory
Product of learning, persistence of learning in brain in a manner that enables recall
Define working memory
Collection of structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating info
Describe the three stages of memory
ENCODING- processing of info for storage
STORAGE- maintenance of permanent record, trace, engram representing info
RETRIEVAL- bring to mind stored representation of info, event or action
Describe the Modal model of memory
Sensory input to SENSORY MEMORY
lost in 0.5-3 seconds
Transfer (encoding)
Short term memory- unrehearsed info lost in 10-15s
Transfer and retrieval to long term memory
Some info lost over time
3 stores separate but dependent on each other. info transfer affected by distraction, sleep deprivation, alcohol consumption etc
Describe sensory memory
- Duration ms-secs
- Echoic (acoustic) and visual (iconic) sensory traces
- Larger capacity than short term
- V brief- accomodate all info from environment
Echoic trace-10s. Items require attention to go from S-STM
Describe short term memory
Declarative, explicit conscious
Lasts seconds
Describe long term memory
Non declarative, implicit, unconscious Lasts hours to years Unlimited capacity Episodic, semantic and procedural Info lost b4 learning new material Items can only enter via STM
Describe the Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory
Posits a central executive processor that coordinates the activity of phonological, visual and spatial loops
Distinct neuroanatomical basis
Localised in frontal lobe/prefrontal cortex
Define amnesia
Deficit in recall of facts, recognition and events experienced
STM ability and intelligence unaffected
What is retrograde and anterograde amnesia?
Retro- b4 onset, antero, after onset
What are the main causes of amnesia
Organic- brain damage due to trauma, disease, drugs
Function- psychological factors
Describe patient HM
Severe epilepsy, hippocampi and temporal lobes removed
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
Intact working and procedural memory
Defective episodic and semantic memory- can’t recognise language, peple
Describe Clive Wearing
Encephalus due to herpes simplex
A and R amnesia- R hippocampus damaged and L temporal lobe
STM impaired only process info for 7-30 seconds
Frontal lobe damage
Procedural memory fine
Which area of the brain is involved in semantic memory?
Temporal lobes
