Cortical structure and function Flashcards
Describe cortex
Outer layer of cerebrum- 2.5msquared due to folds
2-4mm- thick folded grey matter
Gyri and sulci
Differentiate between neocortex and allocortex
Neocortex- 90% of total vol, laminar, 6 layers
Allocortex- 10%, old, well developed, variable layers- 3-5
List the features of pyramidal and granular cells
Pyramidal-excitatory, glutamergic, abundant, in hippocampus and amygdala- major output, cell body 10-50microm
Granular- cell body <10microm, in cerebellum- no spines, smooth stellate, basket, chandelier, GABAergic- inhibitory
Spiny stellate- glutamergic
List and describe the 3 types of glial cells
Oligodendrocytes- Schwann cells, small cells processes form individual nodes of myelin around axons
Make up white matter
Astrocytes- BBB, scar and repair, homeostasis, blood flow reg, star shape
Microglia- resident immune cells, fine processes during rest
Ramified, amoeboid, mobile when activated
Produce enzymes and cytokines- capable of phagocytosis
List the layers of the cortex
Molecular- few cells, apical dendrites
External granular- small P and G
Ext pyramidal- S and M pyramidal, Small G
Internal granular- densely packed G
Internal pyramidal- Large pyramidal projection neurones
Multiform- small P and multiform cells
What is Broadmann’s area 1, 2 and 3
Primary somatosensory cortex
Post central gyrus
What is Broadmann’s area 4
Primary motor area
Post central gyrus
What is Broadmann’s area 6
Pre motor cortex- superior and mid frontal gyrus
What is Broadmann’s area 5, 7
Somatosensory association area
Superior parietal lobule
What is Broadmann’s area 17
Calcarine sulcus
Primary visual area
What is Broadmann’s area 22?
Auditory association area, Wernicke’s- superior temporal gyrus
What is Broadmann’s area 41?
Primary auditory area
Superior temporal gyrus
What is Broadmann’s area 44, 45?
Opercular and triangular parts of inferior frontal gyrus
Broca’s area
Describe the sensorimotor pathway
Pre frontal- 8-10 plans movement
Premotor- 6- organises movement sequence
Motor cortex- 4- produces movement
Primary somatosensory cortex-1-3- receives sensory info from the body
Secondary somatosensory cortex 5-7- receives sensory info from primary
