Memory Flashcards

Question

What does the phonological loop do?

Answer 1

Operates independently Articulatory process as it silently repeats the words you hear Limited capacity

Answer 2

Codes visual information as separate objects Inner scribe as it stores the arrangement of objects Limited capacity

Answer 3

Known as the general store Enables information in the visuo spatial sketch pad and phonological loop to be combined with information in the LTM

Answer 4

Evidence given by a witness to a significant event

Answer 5

Evidence given by a witness to a significant event

Answer 6

Shah and Miyake- found that an individual can score higher on a spatial working memory task but low on a verbal memory task- supporting how there are individual differences within the stores. Brain damaged patients KF- able to remember visually but not verbal tasks and PET scans show that different parts of the brain are active whilst doing different verbal and visual tasks

Answer 7

Central executive- not fully able to understand and the idea that the central executive is a single store is questionable as researchers suggest that there may be separate verbal and spatial working memory systems rather than a single central executive. Lack of explanation- doesn't explain changes in processing ability as a result of practice or over time

Answer 8

Information may still be stored but it cannot be accessed as retrieval cues are not present.

Answer 9

Cues may be based on context Evidence indicates that retrieval is more likely when the context at encoding matches the context at retrieval, otherwise it leads to retrieval failure

Answer 10

Mental state you are in at the time can act as a cue Godwin- asked male volunteers to remember a list of words when they were either drunk or sober. 24 hours later they had to recall the words in the opposite state then in the same state, they found that most participants remembered words when in the same state they learnt them.

Answer 11

Recruited scuba divers and asked them to learn words underwater. Found that the highest recall was when scuba divers were underwater supporting the importance of contexts

Answer 12

Artificial research- lab experiments meant that it has low ecological validity as the words were an artificial task and the findings don't relate to everyday and aren't accurate enough Anderson- found that although interference plays a role in forgetting, it remains unclear how much forgetting can be attributed to interference or retrieval failure.

Answer 13

Participants were exposed to 2 situations: 1) they overheard an argument and saw a man run through carrying a pen knife covered in grease. 2)

Answer 14

Pen knife recall- 49% accuracy Bloodstained recall- 33% accuracy

Answer 15

The participants focuses their attention on the weapon which distracts their attention from the appearance of the perpretrator?

Answer 16

Participants were shown a film of events leading up to a car accident. The control group were asked questions that had actually happened e.g: 'how fast was the car going when it passed the stop sign?' The experimental group were asked misleading information about the speed of the car, e.g: 'how fast was the car going when it passed the barn on a country road?' As there was no barn

Answer 17

17% of the participants in the experimental group reported seeing a barn whereas only 3% in the control group made that mistake, showing that participants absorb the misleading post event information into their original memory

Answer 18

Johnson and Scott- lab experiment meant that there was high control of variables and was able to establish cause and effect The findings from these experiments have helped the way police interview witnesses, increasing the accuracy

Answer 19

Lab experiment could lead to demand characteristics Low ecological validity- participants cannot relate to the emotions of people involved in real life events