Memory Flashcards
Types of Memory
Duration: Short term (1-30 secs) vs.
Long-term memory
Content: Explicit (declarative) vs.
Implicit (non-declarative)
Hippocampus: Mediates
conversion of short-term
declarative memory into
long-term declarative memory
Long-term Memory
Declarative (explicit)
- Episodic
- Semantic
Nondeclarative (implicit)
- Skill learning (procedural)
- Priming
- Classical Conditioning
- Nonassociative learning
- Spatial memory
Short-term Memory
Working memory
(Prefrontal cortex, different regions for different attributes)
Henry Molaison
- Underwent brain surgery in 1953 to treat serious epilepsy
- Dr. William Scoville removed bilateral medial temporal lobe
- Hippocampus
- Seizures decreased
- Memory, however, was impaired
- Suffered from mild retrograde amnesia
- SEVERE anterograde amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to form new members
- antero = “forward”
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of memories that were previously formed
- retro = “backward”
Temporal Gradient
The closer an event was to the surgery, the least likely it was to be remembered
Kent Cochrane (K.C.)
- Motorbike accident in 1981 (age 30)
- Extensive brain damage
- Complete damage of hippocampus
- Had anterograde amnesia like H.M.
Episodic Memory
Memory of events
Semantic Memory
Memory for facts
Declarative Memory
Things you know that you can tell others
- Can be readily tested in humans
because they can talk
- Hippocampus is needed to
form these memories
Non-declarative (procedural)
Things you know that you can show
- Can be readily tested in other
animals, as well as in humans
- H.M. could form this type of
memory
Learning
Changes in our nervous system as a result of experience
Memory
How these changes are maintained over time and how they are expressed (recall)
Classical Conditioning
Neural Stimulus —> Unconditioned Stimulus —>Unconditioned Response
