Disorders Pt. 2

Question 1

Structure (Brain: Group Differences)

Answer 1

• Bigger ventricles
• Less gray matter

Question 2

Activity (Brain: Group Differences)

Answer 2

Hyperfrontality

Question 3

Chemistry (Brain: Group Differences)

Answer 3

Neurotransmitters:
- Dopamine
- Glutamate

Question 4

Hypofrontality

Answer 4

• Reduced frontal activity in
  schizophrenic patients compared to
  controls
• Some studies have shown
  hypofrontality in 1st-degree
  relatives (to a lesser degree)
• Possible predisposition

Question 5

Dopamine Hypothesis

Answer 5

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be caused by DA overactivity
- Antipsychotic drugs (DA
antagonists) diminish or eliminate
positive symptoms
- Some recreational drugs (DA
antagonists) can induce Sch-like
psychosis, (amphetamine,
cocaine)

Question 6

Glutamate Hypothesis

Answer 6

• Symptoms may be linked to
  underactivation of glutamate
  receptors
• PCP acts as a psychometric, producing
  phenomena resembling +/-
  symptoms of schizophrenia
  
  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Disorientation
  • Depersonalization

Question 7

Neuroleptics (Treatment))

Answer 7

Antipsychotic
- Typical antipsychotics
- Dopamine antagonists
- Atypical antipsychotics
- Work at a variety of postsynaptic
receptors
- Third generation of mGlur
antipsychotics?

Question 8

Psychotherapy (Treatment)

Answer 8

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 9

Lobotomy (Treatment)

Answer 9

A surgical operation involving an incision into the prefrontal lobe of the brain; is thought to have “cured” mental illness.