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Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

memory

A

set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over time

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2
Q

encoding

A

inputs information into the memory system

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3
Q

storage

A

the retention of encoded information

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4
Q

retrieval

A

getting the information out of memory and back into awareness

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of encoding?

A
  • acoustic
  • semantic
  • visual
  • recoding
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6
Q

acoustic

A

input of sounds, words, and music

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7
Q

semantic

A

input of words and their meaning

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8
Q

visual

A

input of images

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9
Q

recoding

A

taking information from the form its delivered to us and then converting it in a way we can make sense of it

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10
Q

What are the stages of storage?

A

1.) sensory input
2.) sensory memory
3.) short-term memory
4.) long-term memory

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11
Q

sensory memory

A

storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of sensory memory?

A

iconic and echoic

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13
Q

short-term memory (STM)

A

storage that holds non-sensory information for less than a few seconds but less than a minute

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of long-term memory?

A

explicit and implicit

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of explicit memory?

A

episodic and semantic

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of implicit memory?

A

procedural and emotional

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17
Q

long-term memory (LTM)

A

storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years

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18
Q

What are the 2 levels of depth of processing?

A

shallow and deep

19
Q

recall

A

accessing information without cues

20
Q

recognition

A

identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue

21
Q

relearning

A

learning information that was previously learned

22
Q

amnesia

A

loss of LTM that occurs as the result of disease, physical or psychological trauma

23
Q

What are the 2 types of amnesia?

A

retrograde and anterograde

24
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma

25
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new memories

26
Q

What are the 7 sins of memory?

A

1.) transience
2.) absentmindedness
3.) blocking
4.) memory misattribution
5.) suggestibility
6.) bias
7.) persistence

27
Q

transience

A

forgetting what occurs with the passage of time

28
Q

What are the 2 types of transience?

A

retroactive and proactive interference

29
Q

retroactive interference

A

current learnings interfere with past learnings

30
Q

proactive interference

A

past learning interfere with future learnings

31
Q

absentmindedness

A

lapse in attention that results in memory failure

32
Q

What is a type of absentmindedness?

A

prospective memory

33
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to do things in the future

34
Q

blocking

A

failure to retrieve information that is available

35
Q

memory misattribution

A

assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

36
Q

What are types of memory misattribution?

A

source memory and false recognition

37
Q

source memory

A

recall of when, where, and how information was acquired

38
Q

false recognition

A

feeling of familiarity about something that hasn’t been encountered before

39
Q

suggestibility

A

tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections

40
Q

bias

A

distorting influence of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

41
Q

What are the types of bias?

A
  • consistency bias
  • change bias
  • egocentric bias
42
Q

persistence

A

intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

43
Q

flashbulb memories

A

detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events

44
Q

What are some memory enhancing strategies?

A
  • rehearsal
  • chunking
  • elaborative rehearsal
  • mnemonic device

Psychology (10 decks)

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