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Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks

A

neurons

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2
Q

There are more neurons in the brain than the number of _____.

A

stars in the universe

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3
Q

provide physical and metabolic support to neurons

A

glial cells

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4
Q

What functions do glial cells perform?

A

neuronal insulation, communication, nutrient transport, and waste transport

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5
Q

What type of cell acts as interconnected information processors?

A

neurons

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6
Q

What part of the neuron structure holds DNA, the genetic information?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

What part of the neuron structure sends out electrical impulses which holds information?

A

axon

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8
Q

What part of the neuron structure receives information?

A

dendrites

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9
Q

What part of the neuron structure is a rubber insulator that helps to transport information quickly?

A

myelin sheath

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10
Q

membrane potential of a neuron that is NOT sending signals to other neurons

A

resting potential

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11
Q

electric signal that is conducted along a neuron’s axon to a synapse

A

acting potential

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12
Q

chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites

A

neurotransmitters

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13
Q

moving a transmitter from the synapse back into the axon terminal form where it was released

A

reuptake

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14
Q

What are some types of neurotransmitters?

A
  • Acetylcholine (Ach)
  • Dopamine (DA)
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
  • Norephinephrine (NE)
  • Serotonin (5-HT)
  • Endorphins
  • Oxytocin
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15
Q

What does acetylcholine control?

A

voluntary motor control (eg. tourettes, epilepsy, Parkinson’s)

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16
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

makes a person “feel good”

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17
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate?

A

“excitatory” (eg. Adderall, cocaine)

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18
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is GABA?

A

“inhibitory” (eg. alcohol)

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19
Q

What does norepinephrine control?

A

mood & arousal

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20
Q

What does serotonin regulate?

A

sleeping, eating, and aggressive behavior

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21
Q

What do endorphins target?

A

pain & emotion

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22
Q

What does oxytocin deal with?

A

attachment

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23
Q

What do psychoactive drugs do?

A

correct neurotransmitter imbalances

24
Q

mimics a neurotransmitter at the receptor sit and strengthens its effects

A

agonists

25
Q

blocks the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor site

A

antagonists

26
Q

consists of the brain & spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

27
Q

compromised of the somatic & autonomic nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

28
Q

What are the actions that parasympathetic nerves do?

A
  • constrict pupils
  • stimulate saliva
  • constrict airways
  • slow heartbeat
  • stimulate activity of stomach
  • inhibit release of glucose
  • stimulate gallbladder
  • stimulate activity of intestines
  • contract bladder
  • promote erection of genitals
29
Q

What are the actions that sympathetic nerves do?

A
  • dilate pupils
  • inhibit salivation
  • relax airways
  • increase heartbeat
  • inhibit activity of stomach
  • stimulate release of glucose
  • inhibit gallbladder
  • inhibit activity of intestines
  • relax bladder
  • promote ejaculation & vaginal contractions
  • secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine
30
Q

How does the immune system react during a fight or flight response?

A

is repressed

31
Q

How do the lungs react during a fight or flight response?

A
  • breathing becomes faster & shallower
  • more oxygen is consumed
  • more carbon dioxide is expelled
32
Q

How does the heart react during a fight or flight response?

A
  • beats faster
  • pumps more blood
  • blood pressure rises
  • blood increases to muscles
  • blood decreases to organs
33
Q

How does the skin react during a fight or flight response?

A

sweating begins

34
Q

How does the pancreas react during a fight or flight response?

A
  • pumps out glucagon
  • produces less insulin
  • blood sugar levels rise
35
Q

How does the endocrine system react during a fight or flight response?

A
  • pumps out adrenaline, noradrenaline, & cortisol
  • noradrenaline constricts blood vessels
  • releases less growth hormones
  • produces fewer sex hormones
36
Q

What are the parts of the endocrine system?

A
  • pineal gland
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • uterus/ovaries (females)
  • testes (males)
  • thyroid
  • trachea
  • thymus
37
Q

What are the parts of the thyroid?

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
38
Q

thick band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for communication between them

A

corpus callosum

39
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

40
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the forebrain?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

41
Q

What does the frontal lobe contain?

A

motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, & Broca’s area

42
Q

What does the motor cortex do?

A

plan & coordinate movement

43
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

A

higher-level cognitive functioning

44
Q

What does Broca’s area focus on?

A

language production

45
Q

What are the components of the parietal lobe?

A

somatosenory cortex & topographic organization

46
Q

What does the somatosenosry cortex do?

A

process sensory information

47
Q

What are the components of the temporal lobe?

A

auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, & memory and emotion

48
Q

What does the auditory cortex do?

A

processes auditory information

49
Q

What does Wernicke’s area focus on?

A

speech comprehension

50
Q

What are the components of the occipital lobe?

A

primary visual cortex & retinotopic organization

51
Q

What are the components of the limbic system?

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • hypothalamus
52
Q

structure involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories

A

amygdala

53
Q

structure associate with learning and memory

A

hippocampus

54
Q

regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of homeostatic processes

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

Which part of the limbic system serves as an interface between neuron and the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus

56
Q

activate when an organisms engages in a behavior or observes another engage in that behavior

A

mirror neurons

57
Q

each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

A

brain lateralization

Psychology (10 decks)

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