Memorization Flashcards
How are classes of surgery documented?
P1-P6
Define each class of surgery.
- P1= Normal healthy
- P2= Mild systemic disease
- P3= Severe systemic disease
- P4= Severe systemic disease w/ threat to life
- P5= Moribund
- P6= Organ Donar
How many stages of ulcers are there?
4
Describe each Ulcer stage.
- Stage 1 = Intact skin, non-blanchable redness
- Stage 2 = Partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both
- Stage 3 = Full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat
- Stage 4 = Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon
What is the normal range of:
pH
pACO2
HCO3
- pH = 7.35-7.45
- pACO2 = 35-45
- HCO3 = 22-26
What are the 3 types of O2 delivery masks?
- Nasal Canulla
- Simple
- Venturi
How many liters can each O2 mask deliver?
Indicate any exceptions/considerations.
- Nasal Cannula = 1-6 L, >4 L requires humidified O2
- Simple Mask = 5-8 L, Can go over 8 w/ O2 at 60% max
- Venturi = 4-12 L, Can go to 15L for 100% O2, most refined delivery control
When must a medication order of “NOW” be given?
<90 minutes
When is a medication order of “PRN” given?
As required/needed
What are the 4 patenteral methods?
- ID = Intradermal
- Sub-Q = Subcutaneous
- IM = Intramuscular
- IV = Intravenous
What is the angle for an ID injection?
5-15°
What is the angle for an Sub-Q injection?
45-90°
What is the angle for an IM injection?
90°
Locations for Sub-Q?
- Upper arm
- Upper back below scapula
- Upper ventral/dorsal (top of butt)
- Belly, under navel
Locations forIM?
- Ventrogluteal
- Vastus Lateralis
- Deltoid
What values does a CBC give?
- RBC
- Hgb
- Hct
- WBC
- Platelet
Normal Range: RBC
- M: 4.7-6.1
- F: 4.2-5.4
Normal Range: Hgb
- M: 14-18
- F: 12-16
Normal Range: WBC
5-10K
Normal Range: Platelet
150-450K
High Hgb means…
- Your body needs more oxygen delivered
- Can be due to smoking, high elevation, etc
Low Hgb indicates
possible anemia
Hct indicates
percentage of RBC in blood
A CMP gives us what values?
- Electrolytes
- Sodium (Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Chloride (Cl)
- Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Normal range: Na
135-145
Normal range: K
3.5-5.0
Normal range: Cl
98-106
Bicarbonate
22-26
Normal range: Serum Creatinine (Cr)
- M: 0.6-1.2
- F: 0.5-1.1
Normal Range: BUN
10-20
Normal Range: Magnesium (Mg)
1.5-2.5
Define Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- Respiratory rate and depth are irregular
- alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation
- Cycle: slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate/depth. Pattern reverses, breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes
- Sign of “impending doom” as it is common when approaching death
Define Kussmaul’s respiration
Abnormally deep, regular at increased rate
Define Biot’s respiration
- Abnromally shallow for two or three breaths
- followed by irregular period of apnea
Describe the effect of the following BP assessment errors:
Bladder/cuff to wide
Bladder/cuff to narrow/short
Cuff wrapped too loosely/unevenly
Effects
Bladder/cuff to wide = False Low Reading
Bladder/cuff to narrow/short = False High Reading
Cuff wrapped too loosely/unevenly = False High Reading
Describe the effect of the following BP assessment errors:
Deflating cuff to slowly
Deflating cuff to rapidly
Arm below heart level
Arm above heart level
Arm not supported
Effects
Deflating cuff to slowly = False High Diastolic
Deflating cuff to rapidly = False Low Systolic and False high Diastolic
Arm below heart level = False High BP
Arm above heart level = False Low BP
Arm not supported = False High BP
Give the typical volume amounts for the following injections:
ID
IM
Sub-Q
ID = < 0.5mL
IM = < 2mL for small muscles, <5mL for large muscles
Sub-Q = < 1mL, (but up to 2mL is safe)
The Braden Scale is used for…
What does higher number mean vs lower number?
- measuring ulcer risk
- Higher the number, the lower the risk
What is the order of donning PPE?
- Cap
- Gown
- Mask
- Goggles
- Gloves
What is the order of removing PPE?
- Gloves
- Goggles
- Gown
- Mask
- Cap
Describe a Papule
- Palpable, circumscribed, solid elevation in skin
- smaller than 1cm
- a small mole
What is a macule?
flat, nonpalpable change in skin color, <1 cm, ex. FRECKLE
What is a nodule?
Growth under the skin, at least 1 cm, ex. WART
What is a wheal?
Bug bite
What is a vesicle?
Blister
What is a pustule?
elvated skin leasion filled w/ pus. Ex. ACNE
Describe murmur grades 1-3
Grade 1 = Barely audible in a quiet room (extremely difficult to hear)
Grade 2 = Clearly audible, but quiet
Grade 3 = Moderately loud
Describe murmur grades 4-6
Grade 4 = Loud, with associated thrill
Grade 5 = Very loud, thrill easily palpable
Grade 6 = Louder, may be heard w/out stethoscope; thrill palpable and visible
