Ch 30_ VITALS: Temp and Heart

Question 1

What is the acceptable temperature range for adults?

Answer 1

96.8-100.4

Question 2

Average oral/tympanic temp in adults is…

Answer 2

98.6

Question 3

Average rectal temp in adults is…

Answer 3

99.5

Question 4

Average axillary temp in adults is…

Answer 4

97.7

Question 5

Temperature control is regulated by…

Answer 5

the hypothalamus

Question 6

The anterior hypothalamus controls heat _____.

Answer 6

loss

Question 7

The posterior hypothalamus controls heat _____.

Answer 7

production

Question 8

Radiation is the transfer of…

Answer 8

heat from one surface to another

Question 9

Convention is the transfer of heat by…

Answer 9

air

Question 10

A fan blowing on a surface promotes…

Answer 10

heat loss.

Question 11

Conduction is the transfer of heat from…

Answer 11

one molecule to another of lower temperature

Question 12

Dispursion of heat through air current is known as…

Answer 12

convection.

Question 13

Name 5 methods of assessing temperature and the cautions of each.

Answer 13

1. Orally; wait 20-30 mins after eating/drinking 2. Temporal; Forehead, not reliable due to variables 3. Tympanic Membrane; Watch for cerumen, eardrum and redness (indicating possible infection) 4. Axillary; Surface reading, caution of seat, add 1 degree to reading 5. Rectal; Contraindictions (should be used with those who have diarareah, rectal surgery, etc. Could effect cranial nerve 10

Question 14

A pt presenting a temp of 104°F with no diaphorisis may be symptomatic of

Answer 14

heatstroke

Question 15

A pt presenting with high temp and profuse diaphoresis may be symptomatic of

Answer 15

heat exhaustion

Question 16

Someone who is hypovolemic needs…

Answer 16

water & electrolytes (Sugar/salt water)

Question 17

What is cardiac output and how is it calculated?

Answer 17

• Total amount of blood pumped in 1 minute • HR x SV (Heart Rate x Stroke Volume)

Question 18

What is arythmia?

Answer 18

This is when the heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern

Question 19

What is dysrhythmia?

Answer 19

An abnormal heartbeat

Question 20

Where are all the places you can take a pulse?

Answer 20

1. Temporal (temples of head) 2. Carotid (at neck) 3. Apical (on chest surface) 4. Brachial (at bend of elbow) 5. Radial (wrist at thumb) 6. Femoral (where leg meets torso, toward groin) 7. Popliteal (behind knee) 8. Posterior tibial (inside of ankle bone) 9. Dorsalis pedis (top of foot)

Question 21

When listening to the “lub, dub” of the heartbeat, the “lub” is known as __ and represents the closure of the ___ valves known as the _____ and the _____.

Answer 21

S1, AV, Tricuspid, Mitral/bicuspid

Question 22

When listening to the “lub, dub” of the heartbeat, the “dub” is known as __ and represents the closure of the ___ valves known as the _____ and the _____.

Answer 22

S2, Semilunar valves, pulmonic, aortic

Question 23

The five points at which to listen to the heart are represented by what acronym? Describe each point

Answer 23

All Patients Take Medicine • A= Aortic; Right sternal border at 2nd intercostal space • P= Pulmonic; Left sternal border at 2nd interncostal space • T= Tricuspid; Left sternal border at 4th intercostal space • M= Mitral; Left sternal border at 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

Question 24

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of __ mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of __ mm Hg within __ minutes of standing when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position

Answer 24

20, 10, 3

Question 25

How are pulse strengths documented and describe each.

Answer 25

0 = abscent, not palpable +1 = pulse diminished, barely palpable +2 = normal/expected +3 = full pulse, increased +4 = bounding pulse

Question 26

When does exercise increase pulse rate?

Answer 26

during short-term exercise

Question 27

Do positive chronotropic drugs increase or decrease pulse rate?

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

Do negative chronotropic drugs increase or decrease pulse rate?

Answer 28

Decrease

Question 29

A pulse deficit can indicate…

Answer 29

• The thrust of blood from heart is too feeble for wave to be felt at peripheral site • May indicate vascular disease is preventing impulses from being transmitted • Can also result from dysrhythmia

Question 30

How is A/O assessed?

Answer 30

If the patient can name • person (who they are) • place (where they are) • time (date) You can also add • Current event

Question 31

How do the following effect pulse rate?

Answer 31

1. Sort-term Exercise 2. Long-term Exercise 3. Fever and Heat 4. Hypothermia 1. Sort-term Exercise = increases hr 2. Long-term Exercise = Decreases hr 3. Fever and Heat = Increase hr 4. Hypothermia = Decreases hr

Question 32

How do the following effect pulse rate? 1. Hemorrhage 2. Standing or sitting 3. Lying down 4. Acute pain and anxiety 5. Diseases causing poor oxygenation such as asthma, COPD

Answer 32

1. Hemorrhage = Increase 2. Standing or sitting = Increase 3. Lying down = Decrease 4. Acute pain and anxiety = Increase 5. Diseases causing poor oxygenation such as asthma, COPD = Increase

Question 33

Orthostatic hypotension signs and symptoms include:

Answer 33

• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy after standing up • Blurry vision • Weakness • Fainting (syncope) • Confusion • Nausea

Question 34

Pulse deficit is indicative of

Answer 34

vascular disease that is preventing impulses from being transmitted