Ch 30_ VITALS: Temp and Heart Flashcards
What is the acceptable temperature range for adults?
96.8-100.4
Average oral/tympanic temp in adults is…
98.6
Average rectal temp in adults is…
99.5
Average axillary temp in adults is…
97.7
Temperature control is regulated by…
the hypothalamus
The anterior hypothalamus controls heat _____.
loss
The posterior hypothalamus controls heat _____.
production
Radiation is the transfer of…
heat from one surface to another
Convention is the transfer of heat by…
air
A fan blowing on a surface promotes…
heat loss.
Conduction is the transfer of heat from…
one molecule to another of lower temperature
Dispursion of heat through air current is known as…
convection.
Name 5 methods of assessing temperature and the cautions of each.
- Orally; wait 20-30 mins after eating/drinking 2. Temporal; Forehead, not reliable due to variables 3. Tympanic Membrane; Watch for cerumen, eardrum and redness (indicating possible infection) 4. Axillary; Surface reading, caution of seat, add 1 degree to reading 5. Rectal; Contraindictions (should be used with those who have diarareah, rectal surgery, etc. Could effect cranial nerve 10
A pt presenting a temp of 104°F with no diaphorisis may be symptomatic of
heatstroke
A pt presenting with high temp and profuse diaphoresis may be symptomatic of
heat exhaustion
Someone who is hypovolemic needs…
water & electrolytes (Sugar/salt water)
What is cardiac output and how is it calculated?
• Total amount of blood pumped in 1 minute • HR x SV (Heart Rate x Stroke Volume)
What is arythmia?
This is when the heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern
What is dysrhythmia?
An abnormal heartbeat
Where are all the places you can take a pulse?
- Temporal (temples of head) 2. Carotid (at neck) 3. Apical (on chest surface) 4. Brachial (at bend of elbow) 5. Radial (wrist at thumb) 6. Femoral (where leg meets torso, toward groin) 7. Popliteal (behind knee) 8. Posterior tibial (inside of ankle bone) 9. Dorsalis pedis (top of foot)
When listening to the “lub, dub” of the heartbeat, the “lub” is known as __ and represents the closure of the ___ valves known as the _____ and the _____.
S1, AV, Tricuspid, Mitral/bicuspid
When listening to the “lub, dub” of the heartbeat, the “dub” is known as __ and represents the closure of the ___ valves known as the _____ and the _____.
S2, Semilunar valves, pulmonic, aortic
The five points at which to listen to the heart are represented by what acronym? Describe each point
All Patients Take Medicine • A= Aortic; Right sternal border at 2nd intercostal space • P= Pulmonic; Left sternal border at 2nd interncostal space • T= Tricuspid; Left sternal border at 4th intercostal space • M= Mitral; Left sternal border at 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line
Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of __ mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of __ mm Hg within __ minutes of standing when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position
20, 10, 3
How are pulse strengths documented and describe each.
0 = abscent, not palpable +1 = pulse diminished, barely palpable +2 = normal/expected +3 = full pulse, increased +4 = bounding pulse
When does exercise increase pulse rate?
during short-term exercise
Do positive chronotropic drugs increase or decrease pulse rate?
increase
Do negative chronotropic drugs increase or decrease pulse rate?
Decrease
A pulse deficit can indicate…
• The thrust of blood from heart is too feeble for wave to be felt at peripheral site • May indicate vascular disease is preventing impulses from being transmitted • Can also result from dysrhythmia
How is A/O assessed?
If the patient can name • person (who they are) • place (where they are) • time (date) You can also add • Current event
How do the following effect pulse rate?
- Sort-term Exercise 2. Long-term Exercise 3. Fever and Heat 4. Hypothermia 1. Sort-term Exercise = increases hr 2. Long-term Exercise = Decreases hr 3. Fever and Heat = Increase hr 4. Hypothermia = Decreases hr
How do the following effect pulse rate? 1. Hemorrhage 2. Standing or sitting 3. Lying down 4. Acute pain and anxiety 5. Diseases causing poor oxygenation such as asthma, COPD
- Hemorrhage = Increase 2. Standing or sitting = Increase 3. Lying down = Decrease 4. Acute pain and anxiety = Increase 5. Diseases causing poor oxygenation such as asthma, COPD = Increase
Orthostatic hypotension signs and symptoms include:
• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy after standing up • Blurry vision • Weakness • Fainting (syncope) • Confusion • Nausea
Pulse deficit is indicative of
vascular disease that is preventing impulses from being transmitted
