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z_NUR112: MIDTERM_LAST LEG > Ch 29_ Infection Control > Flashcards

Ch 29_ Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six points of the chain of infection?

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of Transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Host
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2
Q

List some examples of portals of exit

A
  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Respiratory, GI, Urinary, and Reproductive tracts
  • Blood transfusions/contact
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3
Q

Describe Vehicle contact.

A
  • Contact with contaminated items
  • ex. Water, Drugs, Solutions, Blood, Food
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4
Q

Describe Vector contact.

A

Acquired from animals and bugs such as a: misquito, louse, flea, tick, etc

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5
Q

What is the contact category for measles, chickenpox (varicella), or tuberculosis?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = AIRBORNE
  • Private Room
  • negative pressure airflow w/ HEPA filtration
  • PPE:
  • mask or n95 respirator (pending condition)
  • Gloves
  • Gown
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6
Q

What is the contact category for diptheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = Droplet
  • Precautions = Private room or cohort patients
  • PPE =
  • mask or respirator (pending condition)
  • Gloves
  • Gown
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7
Q

What is the contact category for MRSA, herpes, scabies, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = Direct/Indirect Contact
  • Precautions
  • Private room or cohort patients
  • Gloves
  • Gowns
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8
Q

What are the precautions for those who require a protective environment (are immunocompromised)?

A
  • Private room
  • Positive airflow
  • HEPA filtration
  • Mask worn by patient when out of room
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9
Q

What are the four stages of the infectious Process

Briefly describe each.

A
  1. Incubation: Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
  2. Prodromal: Symptoms go from non-specific to specific (most contagious stage)
  3. Illness: Diagnosed and treated
  4. Convalescence: Recovery time w/ full course of medication
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10
Q

What is the normal range for WBCs?

A

5-10K

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11
Q

Medical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

clean, reduces

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12
Q

Surgical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

sterile, prevents

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13
Q

What is the order of donning PPE?

A
  • Cap
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
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14
Q

What is the order of removing PPE?

A
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Cap
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15
Q

What are the three Modes of Transmission

A
  • Contact
  • Vehicle
  • Vector
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16
Q

What are the four methods of the Contact mode of transmission?

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
  • Droplet
  • Airborne
17
Q

What are some examples of airborne pathogens?

A
  • Tuberculosis
  • measles
  • chickenpox
18
Q

What is an example of Droplet Contact

A

Influenza virus

19
Q

What are the three types of HAI?

A
  1. Iatrogenic
  2. Exogenous
  3. Endogenous
20
Q

Define the chacteristics of an Iatrogenic HAI.

A

acquired from procedure

21
Q

Define the chacteristics of an Exogenous HAI.

A

acquired from microorganisms outside the individual

22
Q

Define the chacteristics of an Endogenous HAI.

A

Acquired when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs.

23
Q

What is the PPE for Contact precautions?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
24
Q

What is the PPE for Droplet precautions?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • mask
25
Q

What is the PPE for Airborne precautions?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • goggles
  • respirator
26
Q

What are the four stages of the Infectious Process?

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
  4. Convalescence
27
Q

Explain the Incubation period of the Infectious Process

A
  • Interval b/t entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
  • Length of time depends on the disease
28
Q

Explain the Prodromal stage of the Infectious Process

A
  • Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms (fever)
  • Most infectious period
29
Q

Explain the Illness stage of the Infectious Process

A
  • Interval when you manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection
  • You are diagnosed and being treated
30
Q

Explain the Convalescence stage of the Infectious Process

A
  • Take full course of medication
  • Acute symptoms of infection disappear
  • Recovery
31
Q

What are the general signs of a local infection?

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Impaired function of severely injured area
32
Q

Define Asepsis

A

absence of pathogenic microorganisms

33
Q

Define medical asepsis

A
  • A cleaning technqie that reduces the number of microorganisms is reduced; and thus, the chance of infection
  • disinfection
34
Q

Define surgical asepsis

A
  • It is a cleaning technique that eliminates microorganisms completely; and thus, the chance of infection
  • sterilization

z_NUR112: MIDTERM_LAST LEG (11 decks)

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