Ch 30_ VITALS: BP and PAIN REVIEW

Question 1

What are some factors that influence BP?

Answer 1

S.A.M.S. A.G.E.D • Stressed • Activity/Weight • Medications • Smoking • Age • Gender • Ethnicity • Daily Variation

Question 2

What are some Symptoms of Hypotension

Answer 2

• Pallor (paleness) • Skin mottling (spots or smears of color) • Clamminess • Confusion • Increased heart rate • Decreased Urine output

Question 3

What is the BP range indicating Prehypertension?

Answer 3

• Systolic: 120-139 • Dyastolic: 80-89

Question 4

What is the BP range indicating Stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 4

• Systolic: 140-159 • Diastolic: 90-99

Question 5

What is the BP range indicating Stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 5

• Systolic: 160 and above • Diastolic: 100 and above

Question 6

Orthostatic Hypotension may be related to

Answer 6

• fluid volume deficit • medications (diuretics or anti-hypertensive)

Question 7

Orthostatic Hypotension symptoms include

Answer 7

• Dizziness • Light-headedness • Falling

Question 8

Describe the effect of the following BP assessment errors: 1. Bladder/cuff to wide 2. Bladder/cuff to narrow/short 3. Cuff wrapped too loosely/unevenly

Answer 8

Effects 1. Bladder/cuff to wide = False Low Reading 2. Bladder/cuff to narrow/short = False High Reading 3. Cuff wrapped too loosely/unevenly = False High Reading

Question 9

Describe the effect of the following BP assessment errors: 1. Deflating cuff to slowly 2. Deflating cuff to rapidly 3. Arm below heart level 4. Arm above heart level 5. Arm not supported

Answer 9

Effects 1. Deflating cuff to slowly = False High Diastolic 2. Deflating cuff to rapidly = False Low Systolic and False high Diastolic 3. Arm below heart level = False High BP 4. Arm above heart level = False Low BP 5. Arm not supported = False High BP

Question 10

What does hypertension damage?

Answer 10

• Brain • Heart • Vessels • Kidneys

Question 11

What are two types of Pain?

Answer 11

1. Acute 2. Chronic

Question 12

Define Acute Pain

Answer 12

• Patient is protective of the area • Identifiable cause, short duration • Limited tissue damage

Question 13

Define Chronic Pain

Answer 13

• Prolonged pain associated with cancer or another long term ailment

Question 14

What is the PQRST Pain Assessement?

Answer 14

• P: Precipitating or palliative - what makes it better/worse • Q: Quality - aching, shooting, stabbing, sharp, dull • R: Region - location of pain • S: Severity - 1-10 • T: Timing - when is it worse

Question 15

What are the factors to report associated with Pain?

Answer 15

COLDSPA • Character • Onset • Location • Duration • Severity • Pattern • Associated Factors

Question 16

What scale is used to assess pain for someone who is non-verbal?

Answer 16

FLACC • Face • Leg • Arm • Sudden reactionary movements to the above • Consolability • Crying

Question 17

What are the three drug groups?

Answer 17

1. Non-opiods 2. Opioids 3. Adjuvants (chemo, radiation)

Question 18

NSAID stands for

Answer 18

Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug

Question 19

NSAIDS are highly effective as _____, _____, and _____ agents.

Answer 19

analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory

Question 20

What is the difference between selective and nonselective NSAIDS?

Answer 20

• NSAIDs (nonselective) can cause gastrointestinal bleeding • NSAIDs (selective) causes less gastrointestinal reactions

Question 21

What are four side effects of opioids?

Answer 21

1. Respiratory depression 2. Sedation 3. Nausea/vomiting 4. Constipation