Ch 30_ VITALS: RESPIRATION REVIEW

Question 1

Involuntary respiration is controlled by…

Answer 1

the brain stem

Question 2

Ventilation rate is regulated by…

Answer 2

CO2 and O2 and hyrdogen ion concentration in arterial blood

Question 3

What is the typical volume of air inhaled?

Answer 3

500mL

Question 4

What are the three processes of respiration?

Answer 4

1. Ventilation 2. Diffusion 3. Perfusion

Question 5

Define ventilation.

Answer 5

• The movement of gases in and out of the lung • Inhalation/exhalation

Question 6

Define Diffusion.

Answer 6

Movement of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and red blood cells

Question 7

Define Perfusion.

Answer 7

The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Question 8

Respiration Vital measurements include:

Answer 8

• Respiratory rate • speed of breathing • Pattern • regular, labored, etc • Depth • shallow, deep, etc • SpO2 • Pulse oxymetry should read 95%-100%

Question 9

Define: 1. Eupnea 2. Tachypnea 3. Bradypnea 4. Dyspnea

Answer 9

1. Eupnea is normal, good, unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing 2. Tachypnea is abnormally rapid breathing (over 20bpm) 3. Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing rate. 4. Dyspnea is difficult or labored breathing

Question 10

Define: 1. Apnea 2. Orthopnea 3. Hyperpnea 4. Hypopnea

Answer 10

1. Apnea is temporary cessation of breathing for several seconds. Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest. 2. Orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat 3. Hyperpnea is increased depth and rate of labored breathing. (>20bpm, normal while exercising) 4. Hyperpnea is decreased depth and rate of breathing

Question 11

Define: 1. Hemoptysis 2. Hyperventilation 3. Hypocarbia 4. Hypoventilation 5. Hypercarbia

Answer 11

1. Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood 2. Increased rate and depth (similar to hyperpnea) Hypocarbia may occur. 3. Lower than normal levels of CO2 in blood (can effect blood pH) 4. Decreased rate and depth (similar to hypopnea). Hypercarbia may occur. 5. Higher than normal levels of CO2 in blood (can effect blood pH)

Question 12

Define Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 12

• Respiratory rate and depth are irregular • alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation • Cycle: slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate/depth. Pattern reverses, breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes • Sign of “impending doom” as it is common when approaching death

Question 13

Define Kussmaul’s respiration

Answer 13

• Abnormally deep, regular at increased rate

Question 14

Define Biot’s respiration

Answer 14

• Abnromally shallow for two or three breaths • followed by irregular period of apnea