Membrane Structure

Question 1

Phosphoglycerides are enriched in ________ and has a backbone of _________

Answer 1

Intracellular membrane

3-carbon glycerol with 2 FA chains attached

Question 2

Types of Phosphoglycerides (3)

Answer 2

Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (neutral)
Phosphatidyl-choline (neutral)
Phosphatidyl-serine (net - charge)

Question 3

One chain of phosphoglycerides are usually _______ to ______

Answer 3

Kinked

Increase fluidity and inhibit dense packing

Question 4

Sphingolipids are found in the ______ and have a backbone of ______

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Sphingosine

Question 5

An example of a sphingolipid is

Answer 5

Sphingomyelin

Question 6

Glycolipids are found in the ______ and have a backbone of _____. They are enriched in ________

Answer 6

Plasma membrane
Sphingosine with carbohydrates on external face
Myelin

Question 7

Glycolipids have _______ added instead of _______ so it’s _________

Answer 7

Sugars
Phosphate
Asymmetrical

Question 8

Sterols are found in the _________ and an example is ________

Answer 8

Plasma membrane

Cholesterol

Question 9

3 main features of sterols

Answer 9

Polar OH on both sides of membrane
Rigid to stiffen certain parts
Aliphatic region to keep the FA chain of phospholipids apart

Question 10

Channels

Answer 10

Ion specific
Can be reversible plugged to regulate flow
Regulates pore opening

Question 11

Na blocked channel using:

Answer 11

Tetrodotoxin

Lidocaine

Question 12

K blocked channel is used to treat

Answer 12

Arrythmias

Question 13

Carriers are

Answer 13

Passive, down concentration gradient

No chemical change

Question 14

3 types of carriers

Answer 14

Uniport- faster than diffusion; conformational change
Symport- cooperative binding
Antiport

Question 15

Na glucose is an example of

Answer 15

Symporter

Question 16

Glut 1 Glucose is an example of

Answer 16

Uniporter

Question 17

Pumps require

Answer 17

Energy

Move against concentration gradient

Question 18

P-type pump steps

Answer 18

Auto phosphorylation from ATP
Phosphorylation leads to a conformation change
Pumps ions

Question 19

Na/K ATPase is an example of a

Answer 19

P-type pump

Question 20

ABC transporter

Answer 20

Pump small molecules most of the time

Question 21

ABC Problems associated with

Answer 21

MDR
Chloroquin Resistance
CFTR (exception to regulating ion flow)

Question 22

ABC Transporter steps

Answer 22

Small molecules bind to transporter
ATP binding sites come together
Hydrolysis
Small molecule release outside cell

Question 23

Inner leaflet contains

Answer 23

Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and serine

Question 24

Outer leaflet contains

Answer 24

Phosphatidyl-choline
Spingolipids
Glycolipids

Question 25

Proteins that attach to lipids then membrane (3)

Answer 25

Myristoyl
Palmitoyl
Farnesyl

Question 26

Lipid raft

Answer 26

Create thick midcodomain that sequesters subsets of membrane proteins
Not random
Cholesterol and sphingomyelin

Question 27

Integral proteins

Answer 27

Stretch of hydrophobic amino acids

Question 28

Peripheral proteins

Answer 28

Associate with membrane by charge

Lipids covalently attached