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Final BMS Exam > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoskeleton Roles (5)

A 
Cellular polarity & shape
Directional migration
Formation of mitotic/meiotic spindle
Chromosome segregation
Cytokinesis
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2
Q

Cytoskeleton components:

A

Intermediate filaments
Actin
Microtubules

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3
Q

Intermediate Filaments location (4)

A

Surround nucleus
Extend to cell periphery
At cell-cell junctions
At cell-ECM junctions

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4
Q

Intermediate Filaments Structure

A

2 chained coiled coil that forms an antiparallel tetramer

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5
Q

Examples of Intermediate Filaments(3)

A

Keratin
Neurofilaments
Nuclear lamins

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6
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Controlled by phosphorylation (dynamic)

Role in signaling and controlling gene regulatory networks

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7
Q

Actin Filaments

A

Polymers of actin with ATP or ADP bound
Helical
Polar (barbed and pointed end)

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8
Q

Microtubules

A

Polar
Binds GDP or GTP
Polymers of alpha/beta tubulin arranged in tubules with 13 protofilaments

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9
Q

Microtubule examples (5)

A 
Mitotic spindle
Cilia
Flagella
Basal bodies
Centrioles
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10
Q

ATP/GTP cap

A

At growing end

Due to nucleotide hydrolysis lagging behind polymerization

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11
Q

Phalloidin (natural toxin)

A

Bind and stabilize actin filaments

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12
Q

Colchicine (natural toxin)

A

Depolymerize microtubules

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13
Q

Taxol (natural toxin)

A

Bind and stabilize microtubules

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14
Q

Microtubule growth stabilized by ______ and destabilized by _____ which leads to _________

A

Stabilize: GTP tubulin cap at + end
Destabilize: GDP tubulin at + end
Leads to: rapid depolymerization

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15
Q

+ tip proteins

A

Inhibit catastrophes to let microtubules get to cell periphery

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16
Q

Primary cilium

A

Non-motile sensory organelles

Role in developmental signaling pathways

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17
Q

MAPs

A

Microtubule Associated Proteins

18
Q

MAPs regulate __________ and can ________

A

Microtubule assembly

Stabilize or destabilize the + and - end

19
Q

Actin polymerization provides

A

Force for movement

20
Q

How to get force for movement (3)

A

Nucleation more actin filaments
Sever existing filaments to create more barbed ends
Form branches from existing actin filaments

21
Q

Are 2/3 is activated by ______ and is required for _______

A

Rho (downstream)

Nucleation of actin polymerization

22
Q

Are 2/3 involved with (3)

A

Wound healing
Neutrophil migration
Invasion of metastatic cancer cells

23
Q

Cytoskeletal Motors

A

Myosin (actin)
Kinesin (microtubule)
Dynein (microtubule)

24
Q

Cytoskeletal motors are all ________

A

ATPases

Create conformational change by binding ATP to make mechanical work

25
Q

Myosin V

A

Carries cargos on tail

26
Q

Myosin I

A

Single headed myosins

Bind to plasma membrane

27
Q

Myosin II

A

Form bipolar filaments
Each power stroke moves myosin 1 actin subunit closer to + end
Filament that forms myosin

28
Q

Myosin moves towards

A

+ end of actin

29
Q

Myosin roles (3)

A

Cytokinesis
Intracellular transport
Endocytosis

30
Q

Myosin globular head has _______ and the tail binds to _______ and is ______

A

ATPase
Membrane/target
Variable

31
Q

Kinesin moves towards

A

+ end of microtubule

32
Q

Kinesin head has ______, the tail binds _______ and is _______, the neck region determines _________

A

ATPase
Target
Variable
Polarity (next to head)

33
Q

Dynein moves towards

A
  • end of microtubule
34
Q

Dynein is found in

A

Cilia and flagella arms for beating

35
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD)

A

Cilia are immobile
Male sterility and respiratory tract infection
Mutation in outer arm ciliary dynein heavy chain

36
Q

Dynein is used for

A

Retrograde axonal transport

37
Q

Transporting vesicles

A

Involves dynein, kinesin, myosin V

Transfer from microtubule to actin

38
Q

Intracellular transport from _____ to ______

A

ER to cell periphery (and back)

39
Q

Intracellular transport occurs on ______ via _______

A

+ end of microtubule

+ tip protein to prevent catastrophe

40
Q

Melanosomes need ______ to be transported to ______

A

Myosin V

Cell periphery

41
Q

In melanosomes, myosin V binds cargo using _______

A

Melanophilin and Rab-GTP

Rab-GTP binds to receptor on cargo

42
Q

Griscelli Type 1

A

Mutation in myosin V, melanophillin or Rab-GTP

Silver hair, light skin, neuro defects

Final BMS Exam (8 decks)

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