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Final BMS Exam > Embryogenesis > Flashcards

Embryogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Week 1 Events (2)

A

Fertilization

Blastocyst Implantation

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2
Q

Week 2 Events (3)

A

Embryoblast Differentiation
Trophoblast Differentiations
Placenta

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3
Q

Week 3 Events (2)

A

Gastrulation

Primitive Streak Invagination

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4
Q

Pre-fertilization in Females

A

Ovulation to prep the ovary and uterine endometrium

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5
Q

Pre-fertilization in Males

A

Capacitation of sperm (ripening process)
Primes it to penetrate the oocyte
Glycoproteins removed from sperm head

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6
Q

Oocyte shell layers (3)

A

Corona radiata
Zona pellucida
Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Outermost shell
Chemoattractants for sperm
Protection, Energy, Support for oocyte

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8
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Thick glycoproteins layer

Made of zona proteins (ZP)

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9
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Last layer the sperm has to penetrate

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10
Q

Fertilization steps (3)

A
  1. Capacitated sperm penetrate corona radiata
  2. Sperm head binds ZP3 receptor, releases acrosomal enzymes to dissolve and penetrate zona pellucida
  3. Oocyte and sperm plasma membrane fuse
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11
Q

Oocyte blocks polyspermy (2)

A
  1. Quick block = plasma membrane depolarizers

2. Slow block = inc. intracellular Ca to release cortical enzymes so the zona pellucida becomes impenetrable

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12
Q

Cells are totipotent until

A

8 cell stage

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13
Q

Cleavage divisions occur _________ apart and lead to _________

A

20 hours

Blastomeres

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14
Q

Blastomeres

A

Daughter cells that get smaller with each division (totipotent until 8 cells)

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15
Q

Morula

A

32 cell stage

Develops polarity as developing into ICM and OCM

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16
Q

Inner cell mass (ICM)

A

Also known as embryoblast

Gives rise to embryo proper and some extra embryonic tissue

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17
Q

Outer cell mass (OCM)

A

Also known as trophoblasts

Gives rise to fetal part of placenta

18
Q

Blastocyst cavity formation

A

Uterine cavity fluid penetrates zona pellucida and surrounds cells

19
Q

Blastocyst

A

4.5 day early embryo
Embryoblast cells are pluripotent
Trophoblasts forms rim of cells and fetal part of placenta

20
Q

Blastocysts implant where?

A

Endometrium

21
Q

What happens to the uterine endometrium after blastocyst implantation?

A

Thickens and increases glandular activity

Secretes hCG that will continue secreting progesterone to help nourish and support implantation

22
Q

Embryoblast differentiate into

A 
Epiblast layer (dorsal)
Hypoblast layer (ventral)

Forms bilaminar embryonic disk

23
Q

Epiblasts

A

Form all cells of embryonic body proper and extra embryonic amnioblasts

24
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

Epiblasts

On dorsal side until it surrounds embryo

25
Q

Amniotic fluid is

A

Fetal urine (mainly water)

26
Q

Hypoblast migrate

A

Along inner surface of trophoblast-lined blastocyst cavity

27
Q

Yolk sac

A

Hypoblasts
Degenerates during embryonic period
Waste-nutrient exchange, early hematopoietic, migrate and become gonads

28
Q

Connecting stack

A

Hypoblasts
Connects embryo to trophoblasts
Becomes umbilical cord

29
Q

Placenta

A

Nutrient waste exchange at fetal-maternal barrier

Modifies during gestation

30
Q

Fetal part of placenta

A

Chorion frondosum

31
Q

Maternal part of placenta

A

Decidua Basalis

32
Q

Fetal arteries and veins carry:

A 
Arteries = deoxygenated blood
Veins = oxygenated blood
33
Q

Gastrulation

A

Occurs with primitive streak formation

Bilaminar disk becomes trilaminar (3 layered)

34
Q

Invagination

A

Epiblast migrate to primitive streak and dive down centrally

35
Q

Endoderm

A

Structures for digestion, breathing, secreting
Ex: epithelial of urinary bladder, GI, gland
Epiblast cells displace and replace hypoblast cells

36
Q

Mesoderm

A

Structures that provide support
Ex: skeletal, muscular, CV systems
Epiblast cells settle between endoderm & epiblast

37
Q

Ectoderm

A

Structures that communicate with external environment
Ex: NS, epidermis, sensory receptors
Epiblast cells remain in epiblast

38
Q

Buccopharyngeal Membrane

A

Cranial end

Future location of oral cavity

39
Q

Cloacal Membrane

A

Caudal end

Future location of anus

40
Q

Notochord

A

Formed by mesoderm

Release factors to induce development of NS and axial skeleton

41
Q

Teratomas form when

A

Primitive streak doesn’t completely regress

Final BMS Exam (8 decks)

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