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Foundations 1 > Membrane potential > Flashcards

Membrane potential Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four classes of neurons?

A

Unipolar
Bipolar
Pseudo-unipolar
Multipolar

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2
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

Provide support for neurons

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3
Q

What is RMP and how is it formed?

A

Potential difference across cell membrane in resting condition

Cations and anions arranged along outer and inner surfaces

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4
Q

What molecules have a greater concentration in ECF than ICF?

A

Na+
Ca++
Cl-
HCO3-
Glucose
PO2

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5
Q

What molecules have a greater concentration in ICF than ECF?

A

K+
Mg++
PO4—
SO4-
AAs
Lipids
PCO2

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6
Q

How does a membrane potential form?

A

Separation of charges across cell membrane by leak channels?

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7
Q

What is the Nernst equation and what does it do?

A

EMF (mV) = (61/z) x log(conc inside/conc outside)
EMF = electromotive force
z = electrical charge of the ion (plus or minus)

It predicts membrane potential for a single ion at 98.6 F

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8
Q

What is the RMP of potassium?

A

-94 mV

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9
Q

What is the RMP of sodium?

A

+61 mV

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10
Q

What is the RMP of a neuron?

A

-70 mV

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11
Q

What maintains the RMP in cells and how?

A

Na/K ATPase
Pumps 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in against their concentration gradients

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12
Q

What is the Goldman equation

A

CnaiPna + CkiPk + CcloPcl
EMF (mV) = -61 x log —————————————-
CnaoPna + CkoPk + CcliPcl

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13
Q

What is membrane potential based on when there are multiple ions?

A

Polarity of each ion
Permeability of each ion
Concentration of each ion inside and outside the cell

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14
Q

How does hypoxia affect membrane potential?

A

It inhibits Na/K ATPase - causes membrane potential to rise

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15
Q

What is a graded potential?

A

Local, in response to a stimulus of lesser strength

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16
Q

What is a catelectrotonic potential?

A

Electrical stimulus evoking a depolarizing response

17
Q

What is a anelectrotonic potential?

A

Electrical stimulus that causes hyperpolarization

18
Q

What are the three properties of a graded potential?

A

Decremental conduction
Depolarizing or hyperpolarizing nature
Summation

19
Q

What are the duration and amplitude of an action potential?

A

1 msec
-70mV to +35mV

20
Q

What are the 7 stages of an action potential?

A

RMP
Threshold potential
Depolarization
Overshoot
Repolarization
Hyperpolarization
RMP

21
Q

What is the absolute refractory period?

A

Period where another stimulus does not cause another action potential, from depolarization to repolarization

22
Q

What is the relative refractory period?

A

During hyperpolarization until back to RMP, another stimulus can result in another AP

23
Q

When to sodium channels open in relation to potassium channels during an action potential?

A

Sodium channels open first during repolarization
Potassium channels start to open around the upper peak of the AP, as sodium channels are beginning to close

24
Q

What factors make propagation faster?

A

Myelin sheath - saltatory conduction
Increased axon diameter

25
Q

What are the two types of synapses and their main characteristic?

A

Chemical - synaptic cleft
Electrical - gap junctions

26
Q

What are the 8 steps of communication across a chemical synapse?

A

AP
Voltage-gated Ca channels open
Calcium triggers exocytosis of NT
NT diffuses through synaptic cleft and binds to receptor
Triggers cell response - which is terminated by removing NT from synaptic cleft
NT can be degraded
Re-uptake of NT for presynaptic neuron
Diffusion of NT out of synaptic cleft

27
Q

What is the class I chemical NT?

A

Acetylcholine

28
Q

What are the class II NTs?

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Histamine

29
Q

What are the class III NTs?

A

GABA
Glycine
Glutamate
Aspartate

30
Q

What is the class IV NT?

A

Nitric oxide

31
Q

What are the two types of NT receptor and the speed of their response?

A

Ligand-gated ion channel - fast
G-protein coupled - slow

32
Q

What are the two postsynaptic potentials?

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

33
Q

What are the stages of an EPSP?

A

Excitatory transmitter released from presynaptic terminal into synaptic cleft
Acts on postsynaptic receptor
Na influx in postsynaptic neuron
Depolarization
Action potential generated

34
Q

What are the stages of an IPSP?

A

Inhibitory transmitter released from presynaptic terminal into synaptic cleft
Acts on postsynaptic receptor
Cl- influx and K+ efflux of postsynaptic neuron
Hyperpolarization

35
Q

What mediates IPSPs in the brain?

A

GABA A receptor

36
Q

What are the two types of summation?

A

Temporal - one synapse at a time
Spatial - several synapses at the same time

Foundations 1 (28 decks)

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