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Foundations 1 > Amino acids and proteins > Flashcards

Amino acids and proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the AAs with aliphatic side chains?

A

Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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2
Q

What AAs have -OH groups in their side chains?

A

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

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3
Q

What AAs have side chains with sulfur atoms?

A

Cysteine
Methionine

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4
Q

What AAs have acidic side chains?

A

Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Asparagine
Glutamine

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5
Q

What AAs have basic side chains?

A

Arginine
Lysine
Histidine

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6
Q

What AAs have side chains with aromatic rings?

A

Histidine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan

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7
Q

What AA is actually an imino acid and why?

A

Proline - secondary nitrogen part of ring

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8
Q

What AAs have nonpolar side chains?

A

Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Proline

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9
Q

What AAs have polar side chains?

A

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine
Cysteine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Lysine
Arginine
Histadine

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10
Q

What AA acts as a buffer at physiologic pH?

A

Histidine

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11
Q

What are the essential AAs?

A

Arginine
Valine
Histidine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan

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12
Q

What are the nonessential AAs?

A

Glycine
Alanine
Serine
Cysteine
Aspartic acid
Asparagine
Glutamic acid
Glutamine
Tyrosine
Proline

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13
Q

What are the glucogenic AAs and what do they do?

A

Serve as precursor for formation of glucose or glycogen
Glycine
Alanine
Serine
Cysteine
Glutamic acid
Glutamine
Proline
Histidine
Arginine
Methionine
Valine
Aspartic acid
Asparagine

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14
Q

What are the ketogenic AAs and what do they do?

A

Precursor for acetyl CoA
Leucine
Lysine

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15
Q

What AAs are both glucogenic and ketogenic?

A

Phenylalanine
Isoleucine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Threonine

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16
Q

What is the equation for pKa and what is it?

A

pKa = -logKa

pKa is the pH where the acidic group is half dissociated

17
Q

What is isoelectric pH (pI)?

A

Zwitterion form of AA - half +ve and half -ve
Net charge is zero

18
Q

What is the bond found in proteins?

A

Peptide bond between amino group of one protein and carboxyl group of another

19
Q

What bonds stabilize alpha-helices?

A

H-bonds

20
Q

What AAs do not favor alpha helix and why?

A

Proline - irregular structure as imino acid
Glycine - small size
Large number of charged or bulky R groups

21
Q

What is conformation?

A

Spatial relationship of every atom in a molecule

22
Q

What determines tertiary structure?

A

Primary structure

23
Q

What bonds stabilize tertiary structure?

A

Covalent - disulfide
Noncovalent - h bond, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds

Foundations 1 (28 decks)

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