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Foundations 1 > Cell adhesion > Flashcards

Cell adhesion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of junctions?

A

Mediate cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion
Regulate cell polarity
Involved in intercellular communication

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2
Q

What are the 3 main classifications of junctions?

A

Anchoring
Occluding
Communicating

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3
Q

What are anchoring junctions?

A

Mediate cell-cell and cell-ECM
Attachment

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4
Q

What are the types of anchoring junctions?

A

Adherens junction
Desmosome
Hemidesmosome
Focal contact

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5
Q

What is an adherens junctions, its location, and what is its primary protein?

A

Cell-cell adhesion near apical surface

Cadherin

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6
Q

What cytoskeletal component is associated with adherens junction?

A

Actin

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7
Q

What two anchoring junctions support each other and why?

A

Adherens junction and desmosomes

Resist mechanical stress and maintain tissue integrity

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8
Q

What is a desmosome, where is it located, and what are its main proteins?

A

Strong cell-cell adhesion beneath adherens junctions

Desmosomal cadherins

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9
Q

What are the two desmosomal cadherins?

A

Desmoglein
Desmocollin

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10
Q

What cytoskeletal component binds to desmosomes

A

Intermediate filaments

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11
Q

What are hemidesmosomes, where are they located, and what is their primary protein?

A

Strong adhesion between basal surface of cell and basal lamina

Integrins

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12
Q

What cytoskeletal component do hemidesmosomes interact with?

A

Intermediate filaments

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13
Q

What do integrins interact with in the basal lamina?

A

Laminin and Collagen

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14
Q

What are focal contacts and what is their function?

A

Between cell’s basal surface and ECM

Adhesion of cell to substratum

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15
Q

What is their primary protein and there cytoskeleton partner?

A

Integrins

Actin

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16
Q

What is the main occluding junction?

A

Tight junctions

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17
Q

What is the function of a tight junction?

A

Forms seal at that separates luminal/apical surfaces from intercellular space and basal surface

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18
Q

What are the main proteins associated with tight junctions?

A

Claudin
Occludin
ZO

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19
Q

What is the cytoskeletal partner of tight junctions?

A

Actin

20
Q

What are the functions of tight junctions in epithelia cells?

A

Forms seal between adjacent epithelial cells
Regulates selective diffusion of hydrophilic molecules through paracellular space
Restricts migration of membrane proteins
Maintains cell polarity

21
Q

What is the main communicating junction?

A

Gap junctions

22
Q

What are the characteristics of a gap junction?

A

Hydrophilic channel formed of 2 connexons between two cells
Connexons are composed of connexin

23
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

Intercellular communication
Direct exchange of small metabolites and signaling molecules between adjacent cells

24
Q

What are the four major families of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and what type of junction are they associated with?

A

Cadherin
Immunoglobulin
Integrin
Selectin

Anchoring junctions

25
Q

What are the characteristics of cadherins?

A

Primary family
Homophilic
Cell-cell adhesion
Bind catenins that bind actin
Ca++ dependent

26
Q

What are the characteristics of immunoglobulin super family of CAMs?

A

Homophilic and heterophilic (with self or integrins)
Mainly cell-cell
ICAM and VCAM adhesion molecules bind actin

27
Q

What are the characteristics of integrins?

A

Cell to cell or cell-ECM
Can bind actin and intermediate filaments

28
Q

What are the characteristics of selectins?

A

Heterophilic
Cell-cell in bloodstream
Bind carbohydrates
Bind to actin

29
Q

What is the major function of selectins?

A

Initiating adhesion of leukocytes and platelets to endothelial cells during inflammation and hemostasis

30
Q

What is the function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)?

A

Degrade ECM

31
Q

What is the function of ECM?

A

Structure
Shape, strength and elasticity to tissues
Substratum for adhesion
Signal transduction
Reservoir for growth factors

32
Q

What is the main ECM protein family?

A

Collagen

33
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

Tensile strength and stability

34
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Highly cross-linked layer of ECM that anchors epithelial cells to connective tissue

35
Q

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

A

Compartmentalizes tissues
Physical barrier to macromolecules
Cell shape and polarity

36
Q

What is laminin and what is its function?

A

Major component of basement membrane

Helps mediate hemidesmosomal attachment

37
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

A

Long carbohydrate changes with anionic groups
Most are proteoglycans - linked to polypeptide core

38
Q

What are types of GAGs?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Heparan sulfate

39
Q

What is the function of GAGs?

A

Resist compressive forces
Hold H2O

40
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Matrix of loose connective tissue made of proteoglycans

41
Q

What are elastic fibers and their main components?

A

Form network with interwoven collagen

Elastin and fibrillin

42
Q

What is the function of elastic fibers?

A

Allow recoil of stretched tissue, provide elacticity

43
Q

What is fibronectin?

A

Adhesion glycoprotein that attaches cells to other ECM components via integrins

44
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

Protein component of blood clots that can connect with integrins and fibronectin

45
Q

How is fibrin made?

A

Cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin

Foundations 1 (28 decks)

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