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SS: Dermatology > Melanoma > Flashcards

Melanoma Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Melanocytic Naevi

A

Mole. Common benign skin lesion caused by proliferation of melanocytes (naevus cell)

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2
Q

Causes Melanocytic Naevi

A

Genetics
Sun exposure
Immunosuppression
BRAF inhbitors such as vemurafenib

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3
Q

Clinical features of Melanocytic Naevi

A

Found anywhere in the body
More common in fair skinned people
Usually asymptomatic
Flat or raised

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4
Q

Classification of Melanocytic Naevi

A 
Junctional naevus (flat)
Compound naevus (raised centre)
Intradermal naevus (hairy)
Blue naevus
Starburst naevus
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5
Q

Who is at risk of Melanoma

A

People with >100 moles

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6
Q

Treatment for Melanoma

A

None or surgical

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7
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Skin cancer of the melanocytes due to uncontrolled melanocyte proliferation

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8
Q

Types of Melanoma

A

In situ melanoma = epidermis only
Invasive melanoma = spread to dermis
Metastatic melanoma = spread elsewhere

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9
Q

5th most common cancer

A

Melanoma

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10
Q

Risk factors for Malignant Melanoma

A 
High UV exposure
Skin type 1
Increasing age
History of skin cancer
Having lots of melanocytic naevi
Having >5 atypical naevi
Family history of melanoma 
Genetics (BRAF mutation)
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11
Q

Clinical features for Malignant Melanoma

A

Back in men
Legs in women
May be Itchy, painful, bleed, overlying crust

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12
Q

Amelanotic melanoma

A

Melanoma with pigment

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Melanoma (Using ABCDE and symptoms)

A 
Asymmetry
Borders (irregular)
Colour (irregular, variation)
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (changing in size/shape/colour)
Symptoms (bleeding, itching, pain etc)
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14
Q

7 point checklist: Major signs

A
  1. Change in size
  2. Change in shape
  3. Change in colour
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15
Q

7 point checklist: Minor signs

A
  1. Diameter >7mm
  2. Inflammation
  3. Altered sensation
  4. Crusting, bleeding, oozing
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16
Q

Differentials for Malignant melanoma

A

Melanocytic naevus
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

17
Q

Classification of Malignant Melanoma

A

Superficial dpreading
Lentigo maligna
Acral lentiginous
Nodular

18
Q

Treatment for Malignant Melanoma

A

Surgery (wide local excision)
Removal of affected lymph nodes
Radiotherapy or chemotherapy

19
Q

Treatment for widespread melanomas

A

Immunotherapy e.g. interleukin-2

Biologics e.g. vemurafinib (BRAF inhibitor), ipilimumab

20
Q

Breslow Thickness

A

Measures risk of recurrence.
<1mm thick = low risk
1-4mm thick = intermediate risk
>4mm thick = high risk

21
Q

Clark Level

A 
Measures risk of metastasis.
Level 1: in situ melanoma 
Level 2: invasion of papillary dermis 
Level 3: complete invasion of the papillary dermis 
Level 4: invasion of reticular dermis 
Level 5: invasion of subcutaneous tissue
22
Q

Hutchinson’s sign:

A

When pigment extends to the skin. Sign that nodule is melanoma

SS: Dermatology (12 decks)

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