Intro to Derm Flashcards
Structure of the skin
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutis
4 layers of Epidermis
- Stratum corneum
- Granular cell layer
- Spiny layer
- Basal cell layer
How many days does it take for cells to transfer from stratum basale to stratum corneum
30 days
What cells mostly make up the epidermis
Keratinocytes
5th layer of epidermis found in areas of thick skin e.g. palms and soles
Stratum Lucidum
What layers is Stratum Lucidum found between
Stratum granulosum and Stratum corneum
2 layers of the Dermis
Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
Features of the Dermis
Mostly collagen, strong but flexible
Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, immune cells, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles
Feautres of the Subcutis
Fat layer providing insulation, energy and protection
Separates dermis from deep underlying structures e.g. muscle
Other names for Subcutis
Hypodermis or Panniculus
Skin Appendages
Hair, Nails, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Produce and secrete sebum for lubrication and waterproofing the skin
Active during puberty
Sweat glands
Eccrine (widespread and open directly onto the skin) and Apocrine (open into hair follicles)
Pilosebaceous unit
Hair shaft, hair follice, sebacouse gland, arrector pilli muscle
Functions of the skin
Thermoregulation Fluid balance Protection Sensation Vitamin D synthesis Aesthetics
What can skin failure lead to
Hyper/hypothermia Fluid loss Dehydration Malabsorption Skin cancer Death
Principles of Wound Healing
- Haemostasis
- Inflammation
- Proliferation-migration
- Remodelling (collagen, scarring)
Lesion
Altered skin
Rash
Eruption
Pruritus
Itching
Flat lesions
Macule and Patch
Macule
Small flat lesion
Patch
Larger flat lesion
Raised lesions
Papule, Plaque and Nodules
Papule
small, <0.5cm diameter, solid
Plaque
Larger, >0.5cm diameter, scaly, raised lesion
Nodule
Larger, >0.5cm diameter, solid, raised lesion with a deeper component
Filler lesions
Vesicle, Bulla and Pustule
Vesicle
small, <0.cm diameter, raised, clear fluid-filled lesion
Bulla
larger >0.5cm diameter, raised, clear fluid-filled lesion
Pustule
Small, <0.5cm diameter, pus-filled lesion
Erosion
superfilical loss of the epidermis
Ulcer
deep, complete loss of the epidermis and some of dermis
Scale
flakes or desquamated stratum corneum, silvery appearance
Crust
Dried exudate
Excoriation
epidermal loss due to trauma
Lichenification
thickening of the skin
Scarring
fibrosis
Dermatological Excision
Simple excision, skin scrapes, skin swabs, patch testing, Doppler studies
Doppler studies
measure ABPI to identiy peripheral arterial insufficiency
Curettage
Curette used to remoce superficial skin lesion
Punch biopsy
punch, forceps and scissors used to obtain full thickness sample
Ellipse biopsy
Scalpel is used to remove larger and deeper areas of skin. Resulting wound may require sutures, a skin flap or skin graft
