Meiosis Vocab

Question 1

The process of cell division that produced 4 genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number.

Answer 1

Meiosis

Question 2

All 46 chromosomes arranged, grouped in order, as pairs.

Answer 2

Karyotype

Question 3

Type of cell division in meiosis that takes half of the chromosome number.

Answer 3

Reduction division

Question 4

Group of 4 chromatids formed during meiosis by the pairing of homologous chromosomes

Answer 4

Tetrad

Question 5

The fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis

Answer 5

Synapsis

Question 6

Process by which cells divide and develops to form sperm or egg cells (meiosis)

Answer 6

Gametogenesis

Question 7

Failure of the chromosomes to separate

Answer 7

Nondisjunction

Question 8

A prenatal test that takes amniotic fluid from around your body in the uterus (UTERUS)

Answer 8

Animocentesis

Question 9

a prenatal test that involves taking a small sample of placental tissue to test for genetic conditions in a fetus (PLACENTA)

Answer 9

Chorionic villas sampling (CVS)

Question 10

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms

Answer 10

Enzyme

Question 11

Basic building block of DNA and RNA

Answer 11

Nucleotide

Question 12

A molecule in DNA and RNA that contains nitrogen and pairs with a complementary base to form the genetic code.

Answer 12

Nitrogenous base

Question 13

DNA twisted, ladder-like shape

Answer 13

Double helix

Question 14

Describes the opposite directional alignment of DNA strands in a double helix

Answer 14

Antiparallel

Question 15

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen/nitrogen.

Answer 15

Hydrogen bonding

Question 16

An enzyme that unwind DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between strands

Answer 16

Helicase

Question 17

They prevent DNA strands from rejoining during replication

Answer 17

Binding protein

Question 18

A region of DNA, where the strands have separated, allowing replication to occur

Answer 18

Replication bubble

Question 19

The Y shaped region where DNA is being unwound and replicated

Answer 19

Replication fork

Question 20

An enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer to start DNA replication

Answer 20

Primase

Question 21

A short strand of RNA that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis during replication

Answer 21

Primer

Question 22

bases that are made in between each
primer on the lagging strand

Answer 22

Okazaki fragments

Question 23

It joins DNA fragments by forming hydrogen bonds between them

Answer 23

Ligase

Question 24

Each DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand

Answer 24

Semi conservative replication

Question 25

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function

Answer 25

Gene

Question 26

The process where DNA is copied into Messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry genetic information for protein synthesis

Answer 26

Transcription in protein synthesis

Question 27

Process where mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a protein at the ribosome

Answer 27

Translation in protein synthesis

Question 28

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription

Answer 28

RNA polymerase

Question 29

Specific DNA sequences that signal the start of transcription, guiding RNA polymer to the correct location

Answer 29

Promotors

Question 30

A DNA sequence in promoters that help position RNA polymerase for transcription

Answer 30

Tata box

Question 31

The a site holds incoming tRNA, the P site holds growing polypeptide, and the site is where the TRNA exit

Answer 31

Ribosome attachment sites (A, P, E)

Question 32

A molecule that stops translation by recognizing a stop codon for releasing the peptide

Answer 32

Protein release factor

Question 33

An enzyme that attaches to the correct amino acid to its tRNA

Answer 33

Aminoacyl tRNA synthesis

Question 34

An agent that causes DNA mutations

Answer 34

Mutagen

Question 35

DNA change that shifts the reading frame altering the entire protein sequence

Answer 35

Frame shift mutation

Question 36

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and use for energy and structural support

Answer 36

Carbohydrates

Question 37

Fats oils waxes fats, oils, and waxes, that is used for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure

Answer 37

Lipids

Question 38

Made of amino acids and support various cell functions

Answer 38

proteins