Meiosis Vocab Flashcards
The process of cell division that produced 4 genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number.
Meiosis
All 46 chromosomes arranged, grouped in order, as pairs.
Karyotype
Type of cell division in meiosis that takes half of the chromosome number.
Reduction division
Group of 4 chromatids formed during meiosis by the pairing of homologous chromosomes
Tetrad
The fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis
Synapsis
Process by which cells divide and develops to form sperm or egg cells (meiosis)
Gametogenesis
Failure of the chromosomes to separate
Nondisjunction
A prenatal test that takes amniotic fluid from around your body in the uterus (UTERUS)
Animocentesis
a prenatal test that involves taking a small sample of placental tissue to test for genetic conditions in a fetus (PLACENTA)
Chorionic villas sampling (CVS)
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms
Enzyme
Basic building block of DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
A molecule in DNA and RNA that contains nitrogen and pairs with a complementary base to form the genetic code.
Nitrogenous base
DNA twisted, ladder-like shape
Double helix
Describes the opposite directional alignment of DNA strands in a double helix
Antiparallel
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen/nitrogen.
Hydrogen bonding
An enzyme that unwind DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between strands
Helicase
They prevent DNA strands from rejoining during replication
Binding protein
A region of DNA, where the strands have separated, allowing replication to occur
Replication bubble
The Y shaped region where DNA is being unwound and replicated
Replication fork
An enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer to start DNA replication
Primase
A short strand of RNA that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis during replication
Primer
bases that are made in between each
primer on the lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
It joins DNA fragments by forming hydrogen bonds between them
Ligase
Each DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand
Semi conservative replication
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function
Gene
The process where DNA is copied into Messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry genetic information for protein synthesis
Transcription in protein synthesis
Process where mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a protein at the ribosome
Translation in protein synthesis
An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription
RNA polymerase
Specific DNA sequences that signal the start of transcription, guiding RNA polymer to the correct location
Promotors
A DNA sequence in promoters that help position RNA polymerase for transcription
Tata box
The a site holds incoming tRNA, the P site holds growing polypeptide, and the site is where the TRNA exit
Ribosome attachment sites (A, P, E)
A molecule that stops translation by recognizing a stop codon for releasing the peptide
Protein release factor
An enzyme that attaches to the correct amino acid to its tRNA
Aminoacyl tRNA synthesis
An agent that causes DNA mutations
Mutagen
DNA change that shifts the reading frame altering the entire protein sequence
Frame shift mutation
Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and use for energy and structural support
Carbohydrates
Fats oils waxes fats, oils, and waxes, that is used for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure
Lipids
Made of amino acids and support various cell functions
proteins
