Bio Vocab Flashcards
First stage where division starts in the cell nucleus
Mitosis
The second stage of a eukaryote where the cytoplasm divides
Cytokinesis
One of the two identical, halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division
Chromatids
Usually located near the middle of the chromatids and some lie near the ends (the buttons)
Each pair of chromatids are attached to an area called ??
Centromeres
The life of a cell as one cell division after another, separated by an “in-between” period of growth
Interphase
Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. It grows, prepares to divide to form two daughter cells each which begin the cycle again
Cell cycle
The first and longest phase of mitosis. Chromatids condensed into a chromosome. The centrioles separate and the spindle begins to form and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Prophase
Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, they separate and take up positions of opposite side of the nucleus
Centrioles
A fan-like microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes
Spindle
Chromosomes lineup across the centre of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fibre at its centromere.
Metaphase
Sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart
Anaphase
The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. Meanwhile, two new nuclear envelopes will form.
Telophase
Special regions at the end of each chromosome that serve as a buffer zone to guard against the “end replication problem”
Telomeres
Special proteins that help cyclins regulate cell growth
Cyclin-dependent kinases/CDKS
They regulate the timing of the cell cycle in the eucaryotic cells
Cyclins
Proteins that respond to events inside the cell
Internal regulation
Proteins that respond to events outside the cell
External regulation
A disorder in which some of the bodies own cells that lose the ability to control growth
Cancer
A gene that stops the cells until all the chromosomes have been correctly copied.
P53
Cancer cells begin to accumulate in the body and form a lump
Tumour
When a tumour begins to grow in one region of the body and does not move to other parts of the body
Benign
A tumour of abnormal cells that spread to other areas of the body, also known as carcinoma
Malignant Tumour
Movement of cancerous cells via the lymphatic or blood circulatory systems to a location other than where they originate
Metastasis
The resulting indentation from pinching the middle of the cell
Cleavage furrow
Vesicles, derived from the Golgi apparatus coalesce to create the developing cell wall
Cell plate
