Meiosis - sex cell formation Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
offspring only produce by one parent cell. All of the DNA is passed onto the identical offspring
Sexual reproduction
requires two parents (male and Female) each passing on half of their genes to the offspring; offspring is not genetically identical to either parent
Diploid
two copies of each chromosome in the cell
Haploid
one copy of each chromosome in the cell
Common name for somatic cells
body cells
Common name for sex cells
gametes
Number of human HAPLOID chromosomes
23
Number of human DIPLOID chromosomes
46
Male Chromosomes
XY
Female Chromosomes
XX
How are somatic cells made
via mitosis
How are gametes made
via meiosis
Where does meiosis located?
in the sex organs.
(Male = testes)
(Female = Ovaries)
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
- form gametes
- increase genetic diversity
- reduce the number of chromosomes in half
- create 4 haploid cells from 1diploid cell
Stages is Meiosis
- Interphase
- Meiosis I
- Meiosis II
What are in the stages in interphase?
G1 - gap 1
S - synthesis
G2 - gap 2
What happens in meiosis i
1st round of cell division; divides the homologous chromosomes; end result = two new cells
What happends in meiosis II
2nd round of cell division; sister chromatids are separated; looks like mitosis ; end result : 4 cells (gametes)
how many times do the cells go through interphase?
1
