Chemistry of Life, Nutrition, and Biomolecules Flashcards
Periodic Table elements are…
pure in compositions; they can’t be broken down into a more pure substance
Atom
the smallest single cell unit of an element that holds life
Protons and neutrons make up ______ in an atom
nucleus
electrons
orbit around the nucleus in an electron shell
what are the 3 subatomic particles atoms are made up of?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons contain….
Positive charge (+)
neutrons contain…
no charge
electrons
Negative charge (-)
how do you find the atomic mass
Protons + Neutrons = mass of an atom
Atomic Number
number of protons and electrons in an atom
Atom names/types
isotope, ion, new element
Isotope
+ or - neutron
Ion
+ or - electron
New element
+ or - proton
free radicals
unstable atoms (ions) that can change cells causing illness
antioxidants
man-made or natural substances the bind to free radicals to prevent or delay some types of cell damage
Electrolytes
a substance that dissociates into ions in solution and acquires the capacity to conduct electricity
examples of electrolytes
sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate
Molecules
two atoms joined together
Compound
composed of two or more separate chemicals elements
Molecular formula
a set of symbols used to describe the elements with a substance
Chemical bonds
an attraction force that arises between two atoms where their electrons interact
when bonds are broken, energy is _______
taken in
when bonds are put, the energy is _______
relased
Covalent bond
chemical bond where two atoms share electrons
Ionic bonding
chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge
Calorie
Measurement of energy found in food
Vitamins
Chemical compounds that need to regulate bodily functions
Minerals
Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually in small amounts
Organic compound
Compounds that contain carbon
Inorganic compound
Compound that contain that DO NOT contain carbon
Monomers
a molecule may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer (monomers = single)
Polymers
a large molecule that is made of small molecules that are arranged in the repating structure
Polymerization
Dehydration synthesis, condensation process of bonding smaller molecules together to make larger compounds
Macromolecules
“giant molecules” - made from thousands of smaller molecules
(small molecule + small molecule + small molecule = macromolecules)
Carbohydrates
the main source of energy, plants and animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
(CHO)
Carbohydrates monomer
monosaccharide
what is the suffix to know its a carbohydrate?
-ose
Lipids
Store energy, hormones, cell membrane, and heat
What are lipids made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Lipids monomer
Lipids are not monomers or polymers
Protein
make up muscle, hair, help with transporting molecules across the membrane and serve as biological catalysts (enzymes).
What are proteins made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
(CHON)
Protein monomer
Amino acid
(Amino acid + Amino acid + Amino acid = Protein)
