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Honors Biology > Chemistry of Life, Nutrition, and Biomolecules > Flashcards

Chemistry of Life, Nutrition, and Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Periodic Table elements are…

A

pure in compositions; they can’t be broken down into a more pure substance

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2
Q

Atom

A

the smallest single cell unit of an element that holds life

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3
Q

Protons and neutrons make up ______ in an atom

A

nucleus

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4
Q

electrons

A

orbit around the nucleus in an electron shell

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5
Q

what are the 3 subatomic particles atoms are made up of?

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

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6
Q

Protons contain….

A

Positive charge (+)

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7
Q

neutrons contain…

A

no charge

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8
Q

electrons

A

Negative charge (-)

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9
Q

how do you find the atomic mass

A

Protons + Neutrons = mass of an atom

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10
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons and electrons in an atom

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11
Q

Atom names/types

A

isotope, ion, new element

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12
Q

Isotope

A

+ or - neutron

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13
Q

Ion

A

+ or - electron

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14
Q

New element

A

+ or - proton

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15
Q

free radicals

A

unstable atoms (ions) that can change cells causing illness

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16
Q

antioxidants

A

man-made or natural substances the bind to free radicals to prevent or delay some types of cell damage

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17
Q

Electrolytes

A

a substance that dissociates into ions in solution and acquires the capacity to conduct electricity

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18
Q

examples of electrolytes

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate

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19
Q

Molecules

A

two atoms joined together

20
Q

Compound

A

composed of two or more separate chemicals elements

21
Q

Molecular formula

A

a set of symbols used to describe the elements with a substance

22
Q

Chemical bonds

A

an attraction force that arises between two atoms where their electrons interact

23
Q

when bonds are broken, energy is _______

A

taken in

24
Q

when bonds are put, the energy is _______

A

relased

25
Q

Covalent bond

A

chemical bond where two atoms share electrons

26
Q

Ionic bonding

A

chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge

27
Q

Calorie

A

Measurement of energy found in food

28
Q

Vitamins

A

Chemical compounds that need to regulate bodily functions

29
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually in small amounts

30
Q

Organic compound

A

Compounds that contain carbon

31
Q

Inorganic compound

A

Compound that contain that DO NOT contain carbon

32
Q

Monomers

A

a molecule may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer (monomers = single)

33
Q

Polymers

A

a large molecule that is made of small molecules that are arranged in the repating structure

34
Q

Polymerization

A

Dehydration synthesis, condensation process of bonding smaller molecules together to make larger compounds

35
Q

Macromolecules

A

“giant molecules” - made from thousands of smaller molecules
(small molecule + small molecule + small molecule = macromolecules)

36
Q

Carbohydrates

A

the main source of energy, plants and animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes

37
Q

What are carbohydrates made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
(CHO)

38
Q

Carbohydrates monomer

A

monosaccharide

39
Q

what is the suffix to know its a carbohydrate?

A

-ose

40
Q

Lipids

A

Store energy, hormones, cell membrane, and heat

41
Q

What are lipids made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

42
Q

Lipids monomer

A

Lipids are not monomers or polymers

43
Q

Protein

A

make up muscle, hair, help with transporting molecules across the membrane and serve as biological catalysts (enzymes).

44
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
(CHON)

45
Q

Protein monomer

A

Amino acid
(Amino acid + Amino acid + Amino acid = Protein)

Honors Biology (11 decks)

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