Chemistry of Life, Nutrition, and Biomolecules

Question 1

Periodic Table elements are…

Answer 1

pure in compositions; they can’t be broken down into a more pure substance

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

the smallest single cell unit of an element that holds life

Question 3

Protons and neutrons make up ______ in an atom

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

electrons

Answer 4

orbit around the nucleus in an electron shell

Question 5

what are the 3 subatomic particles atoms are made up of?

Answer 5

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 6

Protons contain….

Answer 6

Positive charge (+)

Question 7

neutrons contain…

Answer 7

no charge

Question 8

electrons

Answer 8

Negative charge (-)

Question 9

how do you find the atomic mass

Answer 9

Protons + Neutrons = mass of an atom

Question 10

Atomic Number

Answer 10

number of protons and electrons in an atom

Question 11

Atom names/types

Answer 11

isotope, ion, new element

Question 12

Isotope

Answer 12

+ or - neutron

Question 13

Ion

Answer 13

+ or - electron

Question 14

New element

Answer 14

+ or - proton

Question 15

free radicals

Answer 15

unstable atoms (ions) that can change cells causing illness

Question 16

antioxidants

Answer 16

man-made or natural substances the bind to free radicals to prevent or delay some types of cell damage

Question 17

Electrolytes

Answer 17

a substance that dissociates into ions in solution and acquires the capacity to conduct electricity

Question 18

examples of electrolytes

Answer 18

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate

Question 19

Molecules

Answer 19

two atoms joined together

Question 20

Compound

Answer 20

composed of two or more separate chemicals elements

Question 21

Molecular formula

Answer 21

a set of symbols used to describe the elements with a substance

Question 22

Chemical bonds

Answer 22

an attraction force that arises between two atoms where their electrons interact

Question 23

when bonds are broken, energy is _______

Answer 23

taken in

Question 24

when bonds are put, the energy is _______

Answer 24

relased

Question 25

Covalent bond

Answer 25

chemical bond where two atoms share electrons

Question 26

Ionic bonding

Answer 26

chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge

Question 27

Calorie

Answer 27

Measurement of energy found in food

Question 28

Vitamins

Answer 28

Chemical compounds that need to regulate bodily functions

Question 29

Minerals

Answer 29

Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually in small amounts

Question 30

Organic compound

Answer 30

Compounds that contain carbon

Question 31

Inorganic compound

Answer 31

Compound that contain that DO NOT contain carbon

Question 32

Monomers

Answer 32

a molecule may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer (monomers = single)

Question 33

Polymers

Answer 33

a large molecule that is made of small molecules that are arranged in the repating structure

Question 34

Polymerization

Answer 34

Dehydration synthesis, condensation process of bonding smaller molecules together to make larger compounds

Question 35

Macromolecules

Answer 35

"giant molecules" - made from thousands of smaller molecules (small molecule + small molecule + small molecule = macromolecules)

Question 36

Carbohydrates

Answer 36

the main source of energy, plants and animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes

Question 37

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 37

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

Question 38

Carbohydrates monomer

Answer 38

monosaccharide

Question 39

what is the suffix to know its a carbohydrate?

Answer 39

-ose

Question 40

Lipids

Answer 40

Store energy, hormones, cell membrane, and heat

Question 41

What are lipids made of?

Answer 41

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 42

Lipids monomer

Answer 42

Lipids are not monomers or polymers

Question 43

Protein

Answer 43

make up muscle, hair, help with transporting molecules across the membrane and serve as biological catalysts (enzymes).

Question 44

What are proteins made of?

Answer 44

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 45

Protein monomer

Answer 45

Amino acid (Amino acid + Amino acid + Amino acid = Protein)