Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMAT > Meiosis And Mitosis > Flashcards

Meiosis And Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Type of cell division for sexual reproduction.
Producing haploid cells from a diploid cell.
Involves in two connective cell divisions ( meiosis 1 and meiosis 2) - same sequence of stages in both divisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a reduction division?

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is mitosis?

A

A type of cell division - asexual reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of mitosis?

A

Growth and tissue repair of multicellular organisms
Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of meiosis ?

A
  1. Reduces the number of chromosomes in the cell
  2. Help increasing genetic variation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are gametes?

A

Special sex cells for sexual reproduction
# eggs in women
# sperm in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is fertilization?

A

A process where the nuclei of two gametes fuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The cell produced by fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an haploid cell?

A

A cell that contain n chromosomes
# in humans 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Parent cell?

A

The cell which performs the division.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are daughter cells?

A

The cells produced in the division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis ?

A

2 (identical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

A

4 (non-identical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the stages in each division?

A
  1. prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telaphese
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in Prophase 1?

A
  • Chromosomes condense and become observable.
  • chromosomes arrange themselves in homologous pairs (bivalent).
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • nacleous “disapears”
  • centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell and form spindle fibers made from microtubules.
    # crossing over of chromatids may occur.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in metaphase 1?

A
  • Homologous chromosomes pairs are lined up in the middle of the cell
  • each homologous chromosome begins to pull to opposite poles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens in anaphase 1?

A
  • The homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of the cell
  • the centromeres stay intact and hold the sister chromatid together.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in telophase 1?

A

Nuclear envelope forms around each set o chromosomes and the nucleus generally reforms.
2 cells created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in prophase 2?

A

Nuclear envelope and nucleus break

20
Q

What happens in metaphase 2?

A

The chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle

21
Q

What happens in anaphase 2?

A

Centromers divide and sister chromatids are pulled in opposite poles of the cell

22
Q

What happens in telophase 2?

A

Nuclear envelope and nucleus reform.

23
Q

What happens in telophase 2?

A

Nuclear envelope and nucleus reform.

24
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm splits in 2, forming two whole cells.
Either 2 identical diploid cells ( mitosis ) or twice 2 non-identical haploid cells

25
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in prophase of mitosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
chromatids: 92

26
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in metaphase of mitosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
Chromatids: 92

27
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in anaphase of mitosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 92
Chromatids :92

28
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in telophase of mitosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 92
Chromatids: 92

29
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in prophase 1 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
Chromatids: 92

30
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in metaphase 1 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
Chromatids: 92

31
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in anaphase 1 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
Chromatids: 92

32
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids in telophase 1 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
Chromatids: 92

33
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids are in the end of meiosis 1 ?

A

Chromosomes: 23
Chromatids: 46

34
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids are in prophase 2 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 23
Chromatids: 46

35
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids are in metaphase 2 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 23
Chromatids: 46

36
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids are in anaphase 2 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosome: 46
Chromatids: 46

37
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids are in telophase 2 of meiosis ?

A

Chromosomes: 46
Chromatids: 46

38
Q

What is a locus?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome.

39
Q

What is the detention of genetic variation?

A

For the same trait there is more that one phenotype.

40
Q

What are the major sources of genetic variation?

A
  1. Crossing over
  2. Independent assortment ( random segregation)
  3. Random fertilization.
41
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

May start at prophase 1 of meiosis

42
Q

What happens during the crossing over process?

A

Information is transferred between non-sister chromatids.
homologous pair associate loosely along their length ( synapsis). DNA portions of non-sister chromatids are broken by specific proteins at precisely matching positions ( the specific corresponding location contain the same genes ( may contain different alleles ).

43
Q

When is the independent assortment process occurs?

A

Before metaphase 1 in meiosis

44
Q

How does random segregation cause variation?

A

Random orientation of bivalents result in many different combinations of chromosomes and therefore many deterrent combinations of alleles.

45
Q

How does random fertilization cause variation?

A

Any male gamete can fuse with any female gamete0
The fertilization is random.

IMAT (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions