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IMAT > כימיה > Flashcards

כימיה Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

אטום
the smallest unit

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2
Q

Ion, cation, anion

A

Element with electric charge (that gains or lost e)
Anion - Negative ion
Cation - positive ion
יון, קטיון, אניון

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3
Q

Compound

A

Made of Identical molecules
תרכובת

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4
Q

mixture, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture

A

תערובת, תערבות הומוגנית, תערובת היטרוגנית
Made of different molecules.
Homo - same composition in each sample of matter
Hetro- different composition in different samples

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

מספר אטומי
the number of p

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6
Q

mass number

A

מספר מסה
the number of p + N

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7
Q

isotops

A

איזוטופים
the same element with different amounts of n (mass number)

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8
Q

sub-particles

A

תת חלקיקים
P,e,n

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9
Q

vibration

A

ויברציה
Kind of movement.
In solid, liquid, gas

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10
Q

rotation

A

רוטציה
Kind of movement.
In liquid, gas

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11
Q

translocation

A

תעתוק
Kind of movement.
In gas

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12
Q

reactants

A

מגיבים

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13
Q

products

A

תוצרים

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14
Q

Open system, closed system, isolated system

A

מערכת פתוחה, סגורה, מבודדת
Open - transition of heat and matter
Closed - transition of heat
Isolated - without transition

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15
Q

state/phase of matter

A

מצבי צבירה
Gas, liquid, solid

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16
Q

Evaporation

A

רתיחה
Boiling
Transition from liquid to gas

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17
Q

Condensation

A

התעבות
Transition from gas to liquid

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18
Q

Deposition

A

ריבוץ
Transition from gas to solid

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19
Q

Sublimation

A

המראה
Transition from solid to gas

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20
Q

Orbital

A

אורביטל
Area around the nucles in which e may be found.
Each contains 2 e maximum

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21
Q

Shells, valance shell, sub-level

A

Energy levels of e. They are located at a different distance from the nucles.
Sub levels - s (1,2,3,4) one orbital, p (2,3,4) 3 orbitals, d (3,4) 5 orbitals, f (4) 7 orbitals.
Valance shell - the last occupied shell.

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22
Q

Aufbau principle

A

e occupy the lowest energy shell available

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23
Q

Pauli principle

A

Each orbital can hold only 2 in opposite spin (up, down)

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24
Q

Hund’s rule

A

חוק האוטובוס
Orbitals with the same energy are each half filled before one of them is completely occupied.

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25
Stable configuration
סידור יציב When the orbitals are full (or half full). Requires more energy in order to change stable configuration.
26
Ground state, excited state
Normal configuration. Unstable configuration (regular configuration)
27
Shielding
מיסוך When the inner shells of e prevent the outer Shells e from feeling the full positive charge of the nucles.
28
Effective nuclear charge
The charge felt by the higher Shells (after sheilding) Zeff = nuclear charge - inner Shells e
29
groups, periods, blocks
טורים, שורות, גושים בטבלה המחזורית
30
Alloys
סגסוגות A combination of metals with metal or with non metal
31
Luster
ברק
32
Density
צפיפות The amount of particles per uint area.
33
Conductor/conductive conductivity
מוליך מוליכות (Of heat and electricity)
34
Britle
שברירי (Usually, non metals are britle)
35
Metaloids
Some properties of metals and some of non metal. Si, B
36
Elctronagativity
אלקטרונגטיביות The tendency of an atom to attract e without making an ion F>O>N
37
Electron affinity
זיקת לאלקטרון The amount of energy released when an e is added to an atom in its gaseous state (making anion)
38
Ionization energy
אנרגית יינון The amount of energy required to remove a valance shell e from an atom in its gaseous state (making cation)
39
Emit(s)
פולט
40
Intramuscular
תוך מולקולרי
41
Intermolecular
בין מולקולרי
42
Salt
Ionic coumpund
43
Polyatomic ion
יון פוליאטומי Ion made of a molecule NH4+, OH-
44
Lattice
שריג (יוני, מתכתי...)
45
Ratio
יחס
46
Elemental state
When an atom "sees" only atoms of its own kind (Cations in a metallic lattice)
47
Delocalized e
אלקטרונים חופשיים/ ים אלקטרונים electrons are free to move throughout the structure, and gives rise to properties such as conductivity.
48
The octet rule
Atoms link in order to achieve a stable configuration (noble gas)
49
Bond order
The number of bonds between the atoms. Triple, double, single
50
Polar bond Pure bond Non polar bond
קשר פולרי, טהור, לא פולרי There is a big difference between the atoms' elctronagativity (0.4<>2) There is no difference between the atoms' elctronagativity (0) There is a small difference between the atoms' elctronagativity (0.4>)
51
Dipole moment
קטבים זמניים a creation of partial positive and partial negative charges on opposite atoms of the bond.
52
coordinate bond
electron sharing in which both e come from the same atom
53
Giant covalent, Allotrops
מולקולות ענק. אלוטרופים. Substances that are made of the same single element. Like graphite, Dimond...
54
Temporary dipole
קטבים זמניים Dipole in non polar bonds
55
Permenent dipole
קטבים קבועים Dipole in polar bonds
56
Induced dipole
קטבים מושרים/מושפעים occurs when an ion or another dipole from another molecule causes dipole in another molecule.
57
Donor and accepter (hydrogen bond)
the molecule with the hydrogen is the donor, and the other is the acceptor
58
Solubility
מסיסות
59
Hydrophobic, hydrophilic
Does not Dissolves in water - הידרופובי הידרופילי - Dissolves in water
60
Amphiphile
Half hydrophobic and half hydrophilic
61
Reduction
חיזור Gaining e
62
Oxidation
חמצון Losing e
63
Oxidant/ oxidizing agent
מחמצן
64
Reduction agent
מחזר
65
Reduction potential
The tendency to be reduced
66
Oxide
Compound of oxygen and another element
67
Oxidation state
Hypothetical charge that describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound
68
Radicals
רדיקלים Chemical substances that have unpaired e
69
Antioxidants
נוגדי חמצון They are giving electrons to free radicals without turning into free radicals themselves.
70
Precipitate
משקע
71
Ideal gases
גזים אידאלים gases which follow the gas laws are known as Ideal gases: point molecules or atoms Do not lose energy when collides, with one another.
72
Boyle's law
P{ 1/V The proportion between pressure and volume
73
Charles law
T{ V The proportion between temperature and volume
74
Gay lussac law
P{ t The proportion between pressure and temperature
75
Avogadro's law
V{ n The proportion between moles and volume
76
Ideal gases law
Pv=nRt
77
Reaction rate
קצב תגובה the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time.
78
Initial rate
The rate at t=0
79
Collision
התנגשות
80
Successful collision
states that when suitable particles of the reactant hit each other with the correct orientation (energy, geometry)
81
Transition state
transition state is a very short-lived configuration of atoms at a local energy maximum in a reaction-energy diagram (aka reaction coordinate). Very unstable
82
Activation energy
the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur.
83
Catalyst
allows the reaction to occur by an alternative mechanism, which is much faster.
84
Elementary step
one step in a series of simple reactions that show the progress of a reaction
85
Intermediate
It is formed as the reaction product of an elementary step, but is consumed in a later step. It does not appear in the chemical equation for the overall reaction.
86
Equilibrium
שיווי משקל state where there is no change in the concentration of the reaction participants. Rate forward reaction= Rate reverse reaction
87
Enthalpy
אנתלפיה the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. The quantity of enthalpy equals the total content of heat of a system.
88
Exothermic Endothermic
אקסותרמי - releases energy אנדותרמי - absorbs energy
89
Equilibrium position
The ration [P]/[R]
90
Le chatelier's principle
predicting the effect of changes in the equilibrium system. The system readjust itself in order to offset the impact of the change.
91
Ionic bond
Bond based on electrical attraction between anions and cations
92
Metallic bond
Between metals. Attraction between free (delocalized) e and the cations.
93
Covalent bond
Between non metals. Based on e sharing , each atom shares one or more e with other atoms.
94
Salute
מומס
95
solvent
ממס
96
Volatilty
נדיפות
97
empirical formula
the simplest ratio of elements composing a chemical compound
98
Mass conservation
שימור המסה Matter is not formed or destroyed
99
Limiting reagent
מגביל When there is not enough of the substance to complete the chemical reaction, some of the (other) reagents remain unchanged.
100
Percentage yield
Tells how successful the reaction was by comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
101
Dilution
מהילה

IMAT (32 decks)

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