Basic Anatomy Terms

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

Above another structure.

The heart is superior to the stomach.

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Below another structure.

The stomach is inferior to the heart.

Question 3

Anterior/ventral

Answer 3

Toward the front of the body.

The navel is anterior to the spine.

Question 4

Posterior/dorsal

Answer 4

Toward the back of the body.

The spine is posterior to the navel.

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Toward the midline of the body.

The nose is medial to the eyes.

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Away from the midline of the body (or toward the side of the body).

The ears are lateral to the nose.

Question 7

Ipsilateral

Answer 7

On the same side of the body.

The spleen and descending colon are ipsilateral.

Question 8

Contralateral

Answer 8

On opposite sides of the body.

The ascending and descending portions of the colon are contralateral.

Question 9

Intermediate

Answer 9

Between two structures.

The knee is intermediate between the upper leg and lower leg.

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

Closer to the point of attachment of a limb.

The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Question 11

Distal

Answer 11

Farther from the point of attachment of a limb.

The foot is distal to the knee.

Question 12

Superficial

Answer 12

Toward the surface of the body.

The skin is superficial to the muscle.

Question 13

Deep

Answer 13

Away from the surface of the body.

The skeleton is deep to the skin.

Question 14

What are the first 8 levels of biological organization?

Answer 14

1. atom
2. molecule
3. organelle
4. cell
5. tissue
6. organ
7. organ system
8. organism

Sagittal plane

Question 15

Name the 11 organ systems in the human body.

Answer 15

1. respiratory
2. cardiovascular
3. gastrointestinal
4. nervous
5. muscle
6. reproductive
7. integumentary
8. endocrine
9. urinary
10. immune
11. skeletal

PROKARYOTIC

Question 16

What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 16

• Simple cell
• Lacks nucleous
• Lacks organells
Single open space
• Found in bacteria

JUNIOR OCHOA STUDY GUIDE SCIENCE - A&P 08/22/19

Question 17

Name the 3 main planes in anatomy.

Answer 17

Frontal (coronal) plane
Transverse plane

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Question 18

What are the main organelles found in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 18

Organelles
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Lysosome
Ribosomes

Found in humans

Question 19

Name the 4 types of tissues.

Answer 19

connective
- most widely distributed
- loose connective tissue
- cartilage
- bone tissue
- blood
nervous
- neurons
- neuroglia (glia)
epithelial
- line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels through the body as well as the inner surfaces of cavities of internal organs.
muscle
-skeletal
-moves the body
-cardiac
-found in the heart
-smooth
-internal organs

Function