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BIOLOGY 1210 > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are two types of cell division in eukaryotic cells?

A
  1. mitosis

2. meiosis

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2
Q

what happens during meiosis? what kinds of organisms does this occur in? what is the function?

A

A diploid cell divides to produce 4 genetically unique
haploid cells
-Occurs in sexually reproducing organisms only
-to reduce the chromosome number by
half so when gametes fuse during fertilization a
diploid zygote is formed

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3
Q

what does meiosis do to the chromosome number? what kind of cells does meiosis occur in? what does meiosis produce in animals?

A

reduce by half

  • therefore can only occur in diploid cells
  • produces haploid gametes in animals (eggs/sperms)
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4
Q

what does a cycle of meiosis consist of?

A
  • one cycle of DNA replication (interphase)

- 2 cycles of cell division (meiosis I and II)

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5
Q

what happens during meiosis I?

A

Homologous chromosomes separate

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6
Q

what happens during meiosis II?

A

Sister chromatids separate

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7
Q

when does interphase occur? what is the function? what are the sub-phases of interphase?

A

before meiosis I

  • cell growth and DNA synthesis
    1. G-1 –> growth again
    2. S-phase –> chromosomes replicated
    3. G-2 –> growth again
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8
Q

what are the 4 sub-phases of meiosis I?

A
  1. prophase I
    2 metaphase I
  2. anaphase I
  3. telophase I
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9
Q

Prophase I: what happens?

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • homologous chromosomes pair - synapsis
  • Non-sister chromatids crossover –> Genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes
  • meiotic spindle forms
  • centrosomes duplicate and move apart
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10
Q

Metaphase I: what happens?

A

-Paired homologous chromosomes line-up on metaphase plate
-Homologous chromosomes attached to opposite poles
of the spindle by microtubules

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11
Q

what is special about the chromatids after prophase I?

A

All 4 chromatids are unique blends of homologs from both parents

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12
Q

Anaphase I: what happens?

what happens to sister chromatids?

A

-Homologous chromosomes separate and move
towards opposite poles
-Sister chromatids remain attached at centromere

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13
Q

telophase I: what happens?

A
  • the Cell divides (cytokinesis) –> Two haploid cells are formed
  • nuclei reforms, nuclear envelopes reform, nucleoli reappear
  • chromatids may or may not uncondense
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14
Q

what do each of the daughter cells contain after telophase I? what are these composed of? what kind of cells are these?

A
  • Each half of the cell has one complete set of chromosomes
  • Each chromosome composed of a pair of sister chromatids
  • cells are haploid
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15
Q

what happens between meiosis I and II?

A

no DNA replication

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16
Q

what happens during prophase II?

A

meiotic spindle reforms

  • Dna condenses
  • Centrosomes duplicate move apart
17
Q

what happens during metaphase II? where are chromatids attched?

A
  • Chromosomes line-up on metaphase plate

- sister chromatids are attached to mcirotubules attached to opposite poles

18
Q

what happnes during anaphase II?

A
  • Sister chromatids separate

- Chromosomes move towards opposite poles

19
Q

what happens during telophase II?

A
  • Nuclei , nuclear envelopes, and nucleoli form
  • Chromosomes de-condense
  • Cytokinesis occurs
20
Q

what is the product of meiosis II?

A
  • Four haploid daughter cells are formed

- Each cell is genetically unique due to crossover in prophase of meiosis I

21
Q

how are mitosis and meiosis different?

A

Meiosis:
1. reduces the number of chromosome sets - from one diploid cell to four haploid cells 2n –> n
2. produces daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell and each other
Mitosis:
1. conserves the number of chromosome sets n–> n 2n –> 2n
2. produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and each other

22
Q

what causes the 4 daughter cell to be genetically different from one another and the parent cell?

A

the cross over that happens in prophase I –> allows the different alleles to mix between homologous chromosomes from paternal and maternal sets

23
Q

what are 4 unique things that occur during meiosis I?

A
  1. Homologous chromosomes pair during prophase
  2. Non-sister chromatids exchange DNA during
    prophase
  3. Paired homologous chromosomes line up on the
    metaphase plate during metaphase
  4. Homologous chromosomes separate during
    anaphase

BIOLOGY 1210 (26 decks)

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