Meiosis

Question 1

Interphase I

Answer 1

Chromosomes replicate

Question 2

Meiosis I

Answer 2

Homologus chromosomes separate

Question 3

Prophase I

Answer 3

• Spindle fibers appear
• Nuclear membrane disappears
• Chromosomes form
• Homologus pairs form together

Question 4

Metaphase I

Answer 4

-Homologus pairs line up down the equator of the cell and crossing over can occur here (anytime until the homologus separate)

Question 5

Anaphase I

Answer 5

-Homologus pairs separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
!!!Centromeres do not break!!!

Question 6

Telophase I/Cytokenesis

Answer 6

• Spindle fibers disappear
• Cell membrane pinches inward
• Nuclera membrane forms around chromosomes

–Two diploid cells

Question 7

Meiosis II

Answer 7

Chromatids of each chromosomes separate

Question 8

Interphase II

Answer 8

!!!!No Interphase!!!!!

-No DNA replication

Question 9

Prophase II

Answer 9

• Chromosomes form
• Spindle fibers appear
• Nuclear membranes disappear

Question 10

Metaphase II

Answer 10

Chromosomes line up down the equator of the cell and spindle fibers attach at the centromeres

Question 11

Anaphase II

Answer 11

• Chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres

- and moves to opposite ends of the cell

Question 12

Telophase II/Cytokenesis

Answer 12

• Cell membrane pinches inward splitting cells
• Spindle fibers disappear
• Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes

Question 13

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 13

-Chromosomes in somatic cells that occur in pairs called Homologus chromosomes, they look the same and carry the same type of genetic information
!!!Present only in somatic cells, not gametes!!!

Question 14

Compare and contrast end products of mitosis and meiosis

Answer 14

Mitosis:

• Ends in Diploid cell (26 or 2 X 23)
• Homologous chromosomes
• Sister chromatids

Meiosis:

• Ends in haploid cell (23)
• No homologous chromosomes
• No sister chromatids

Question 15

Explain the ways that meiosis increases genetic diversity

Answer 15

The homologous chromosomes cross over and swap alleles so the child cells has a lot of combinations for traits by crossing over and random assortment

Question 16

Crossing over

Answer 16

Synapsis-> Homologous chromosomes come together and form a tetrad and the chromosomes cross over each other at the Chiasmata and they exchange alleles

Question 17

Random assortment

Answer 17

-All the different possibilities and combinations and you don’t know how the tetrads line up

Question 18

The difference in meiosis in males and females

Answer 18

Males:

• Spermatocyte
• Equal amounts of stuff in each cell

Females:

• Oocyte
• 3 cells become polar bodies (useless)
• 1 cell gets more stuff and is a lot larger for the zygote to have more nutrients

Both: 23 chromosomes in each of the 4 cells

Question 19

The different types of asexual reproduction

Answer 19

• Binary fission
• Spores
• Budding
• Vegetative propagation
• regeneration

Question 20

Binary fission

Answer 20

• Asexual reproduction

- Found in bacteria, cell splits in half

Question 21

Spores

Answer 21

• Asexual reproduction

- Resistant reproductive cells found in plants, protists, fungi

Question 22

Budding

Answer 22

• Asexual reproduction

- Part of a cell that pinches off as an offspring

Question 23

Vegetative propagation

Answer 23

• Asexual reproduction

- Runners, found in plants

Question 24

Regeneration

Answer 24

-Regrowth of missing body parts

Question 25

Reductional division

Answer 25

Reducing the amount of chromosomes as you go -> meiosis