Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does meiosis occur?

A

To produce 2 haploid cells which have varied gametes for reproduction and variation

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2
Q

Name the 4 causes of variation

A

Crossing over
Random assortment
Random gamete selection
Mutations ( gene and chromosomal )

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3
Q

What happens during crossing over ?

A

Alleles from 1 chromosome switch with alleles from another chromosome

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4
Q

After crossing over has occurred, what is the resultant chromatid called ?

A

Recombinant chromatids

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5
Q

The point at which the two alleles cross is called the …

A

Chiasma

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6
Q

Crossing over occurs in which phase ?

A

Prophase 1

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7
Q

What happens during Random Assortment ?

A

Chromosomes line up randomly at equator

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8
Q

Which phase(s) does Random Assortment happen ?

A

Metaphase 1 And 2

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9
Q

Explain Random Gamete Selection

A

No individual controls which sperm will fertilize which egg

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10
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A spontaneous change in the genetic code

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11
Q

Explain a gene point mutation

A

Error in placing of nucleotides. Addition. Substitution. Deletion. Occurs in Interphase

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12
Q

Explain a chromosomal mutation

A

Caused during meiosis in formation of gametes. Extra or missing chromosome.

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13
Q

What causes an extra or missing chromosomes in a chromosomal mutation?

A

Nondisjunction

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14
Q

What will Nondisjunction cause?

A

Aneuploidy

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15
Q

Define Nondisjunction

A

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

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16
Q

When will Nondisjunction occur ?

A

During gametogenesis

17
Q

Define Aneuploidy

A

An extra or missing chromosome

18
Q

Why does mitosis occur ?

A

To produce 2 diploid cells which are identical to the parent cells