DNA And RNA

Question 1

Name the 3 nucleotides that nucleus acids are made of

Answer 1

1) deoxyribose sugar
2) phosphate
3) nitrogenous bases

Question 2

Name the 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 2

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 3

Nucleotides join to form a _______

Answer 3

Polynucleotide chain

Question 4

When a deoxyribose sugar joins to a phosphate it forms the …..

Answer 4

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 5

A gene is a …..

Answer 5

Portion of DNA molecule that codes for a particular characteristic

Question 6

Non coding DNA is …..

Answer 6

A portion of DNA that doesn’t code for anything

Question 7

The 5 phases of mitosis are

Answer 7

1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase
5) interphase

Question 8

In which phase does DNA replication take place?

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

Name the 4 phases of DNA replication

Answer 9

1) Uncoils
2) Unzips
3) Free floating nucleotides attach
4) Recoils

Question 10

Explain each phase of DNA Replication in order

Answer 10

1) uncoils. DNA double helix uncoils itself
2) DNA helicase unzips the ladder like structure by breaking complimentary bases
3) DNA polymerase acts as glue to attach free floating nucleotides to base pairs.
4) newly formed nucleic acid recoils into double helix structure. The original chromosome has now become 2 chromosomes attached by a centromere. This it is a replicated chromosome

Question 11

How many nucleotides does an RNA chromosome have?

Answer 11

3 nucleotides

Question 12

Which nucleotide is replaced by Uracil ?

Answer 12

Thymine

Question 13

A DNA Chromosome has 2 strands. How many does an RNA chromosome have?

Answer 13

1 strand

Question 14

Name the 3 types of RNA

Answer 14

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Question 15

Which process is RNA responsible for ?

Answer 15

Protein synthesis

Question 16

What are proteins made of ?

Answer 16

Amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 17

Define transcription

Answer 17

the production of mRNA using template strands

Question 18

Name and explain the 4 steps of transcription

Answer 18

1) Only required gene is transcribed
2) Only required gene Uncoils
3) Unzips. Helicase enzyme breaks bonds and free floating nucleotides attach to complementary bases - ONLY ONE SIDE COPIES
4) Gene recoils and mRNA strand detaches. It leaves nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

Question 19

Define RNA translation

Answer 19

When mRNA is translated into a sequence of Amino Acids

Question 20

How does mRNA translate into amino acids?

Answer 20

In the nucleus, tRNA molecules have codes which attract amino acids to attach to it. Peptide bonds form between these amino acids attached to the tRNA. The tRNA molecules attach to the mRNA strand by matching it’s anti codon with the mRNA codon which works like a magnet

Question 21

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 21

Before mitosis and meiosis

Question 22

An allele is ….

Answer 22

A differentiation within the Gene. Eg hair colour

Question 23

A locus is …

Answer 23

The location of the gene on the chromosome

Question 24

A genome is …

Answer 24

All the genes that make up an individual

Question 25

Gene pool is …

Answer 25

All genes that make up a species