DNA And RNA Flashcards
Name the 3 nucleotides that nucleus acids are made of
1) deoxyribose sugar
2) phosphate
3) nitrogenous bases
Name the 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA nucleotide
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Nucleotides join to form a _______
Polynucleotide chain
When a deoxyribose sugar joins to a phosphate it forms the …..
Sugar-phosphate backbone
A gene is a …..
Portion of DNA molecule that codes for a particular characteristic
Non coding DNA is …..
A portion of DNA that doesn’t code for anything
The 5 phases of mitosis are
1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase
5) interphase
In which phase does DNA replication take place?
Interphase
Name the 4 phases of DNA replication
1) Uncoils
2) Unzips
3) Free floating nucleotides attach
4) Recoils
Explain each phase of DNA Replication in order
1) uncoils. DNA double helix uncoils itself
2) DNA helicase unzips the ladder like structure by breaking complimentary bases
3) DNA polymerase acts as glue to attach free floating nucleotides to base pairs.
4) newly formed nucleic acid recoils into double helix structure. The original chromosome has now become 2 chromosomes attached by a centromere. This it is a replicated chromosome
How many nucleotides does an RNA chromosome have?
3 nucleotides
Which nucleotide is replaced by Uracil ?
Thymine
A DNA Chromosome has 2 strands. How many does an RNA chromosome have?
1 strand
Name the 3 types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Which process is RNA responsible for ?
Protein synthesis
What are proteins made of ?
Amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Define transcription
the production of mRNA using template strands
Name and explain the 4 steps of transcription
1) Only required gene is transcribed
2) Only required gene Uncoils
3) Unzips. Helicase enzyme breaks bonds and free floating nucleotides attach to complementary bases - ONLY ONE SIDE COPIES
4) Gene recoils and mRNA strand detaches. It leaves nucleus and attaches to a ribosome
Define RNA translation
When mRNA is translated into a sequence of Amino Acids
How does mRNA translate into amino acids?
In the nucleus, tRNA molecules have codes which attract amino acids to attach to it. Peptide bonds form between these amino acids attached to the tRNA. The tRNA molecules attach to the mRNA strand by matching it’s anti codon with the mRNA codon which works like a magnet
When does DNA replication occur?
Before mitosis and meiosis
An allele is ….
A differentiation within the Gene. Eg hair colour
A locus is …
The location of the gene on the chromosome
A genome is …
All the genes that make up an individual
Gene pool is …
All genes that make up a species
