Genetic Engineering Flashcards
Define genetic engineering
The manipulation of organism’s genome
Define recombinant DNA technology
The insertion of a specific gene into a genome of a bacteria
Define transgenic
An organism that contains a genetic material from another organism
Define GMO
An organism who’s DNA has been altered on a genetic level
Define biotechnology
The use of biological processes for the manipulation of organisms for the production of antibiotics
How do modifications take place during genetic modification
Using restriction enzymes and ligase enzymes- we can add, modify and delete genetic material
How are bacterial plasmids used for medical applications
A portion of the bacterial plasmid is cut out using restriction enzymes. A portion of human DNA or a transgene, is cut out. Combine transgene with plasmid with ligase enzymes
Explain the role of vectors in Gene Therapy.
Remove a gene from Zygote. Cut open DNA. Use a vector instead of enzymes to reinsert genome. Allow to grow.
How are GMO crops made
Use drugs to arrest cells in metaphase and insert extra set of chromosomes
How is plant cloning or tissue culture done?
Remove pieces off plant with meristematic tissue and place in nutrient rich agar and allow mitosis
Explain the impact of polyploidy
Hormones in food. Ethical issues. Enlarged food. Expensive. Sterile seeds. Low public understanding
Define cloning
Reproduction asexually
What is SCNT?
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Explain the process of SCNT
Somatic cell removed from a male and DNA isolated.
Egg cell removed from female. Haploid DNA discarded. Shell remains.
Insert diploid nucleus into empty shell.
Insert into surrogate uterus.
Electrically stimulate cell division
Explain artificial selection/ selective breeding
Selecting or choosing certain organisms to mate to obtain desirable results
