Mehl. pulmo: adenoid, peritonsillar, laryngomalacia, vascular ring, tracheomalacia 12-21 (2)

Question 1

Adenoid hypertrophy.
cause what?

Answer 1

Just know that enlarged tonsils (adenoids) are a known cause of stridor in
pediatrics.

Question 2

Adenoid hypertrophy. Tx?

Answer 2

Answer = tonsillectomy.

Question 3

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy). definition?

Answer 3

Pus collection causing pain and swelling at posterior oropharynx.

Question 4

Pus collection causing pain and swelling at posterior oropharynx?

Answer 4

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy).

Question 5

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy). can be as complication of what?

Answer 5

can be seen as complication of tonsillitis

Question 6

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy). CP?

Answer 6

Patient can have difficulty opening his/her mouth;

Question 7

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy). Patient can have difficulty opening his/her mouth. Comparision to what disease?

Answer 7

this contrasts with bacterial tracheitis, where the patient can fully open his/her mouth (on 2CK NBME, where this detail is important in an otherwise vague vignette).

Question 8

bacterial tracheitis, CP?

Answer 8

patient can fully open his/her mouth

Question 9

Laryngomalacia. MCC of what in children?

Answer 9

MCC of STRIDOR in infants.

Question 10

MCC of STRIDOR in infants?

Answer 10

Laryngomalacia.

Question 11

Laryngomalacia. definition?

Answer 11

Softening of airway cartilage.

Question 12

Softening of airway cartilage?

Answer 12

Laryngomalacia.

Question 13

Vignette will give kid under the age of 1 who has noisy breathing that is mitigated when placed prone (on stomach) or upright. Dx?

Answer 13

Laryngomalacia.

Question 14

Laryngomalacia. Tx?

Answer 14

Self-resolves almost always (i.e., don’t treat).

Question 15

Vascular ring. Causes what?

Answer 15

Weird cause of stridor that USMLE likes to contrast with laryngomalacia.

Question 16

Vascular ring. Cause?

Answer 16

Vascular embryology variant can lead to airway compression.

Question 17

Vascular ring.
in contrast to laryngomalacia, …. mitigated when?

Answer 17

In contrast to laryngomalacia, mitigated when neck is extended.

Question 18

Vascular ring.\In contrast to laryngomalacia, mitigated when neck is extended, Dx?

Answer 18

Vascular ring.

Question 19

Vascular ring. Tx?

Answer 19

surgery.

Question 20

Velopharyngeal insufficiency. Definition?

Answer 20

High-pitched, hyper-nasal, or whistling speech in patients with Hx of cleft palate due to shortened palate, with or without repair

Question 21

High-pitched, hyper-nasal, or whistling speech in patients with Hx of cleft palate due to shortened palate, with or without repair, Dx?

Answer 21

Velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Question 22

Velopharyngeal insufficiency. Hx of what?

Answer 22

Hx of cleft palate due to shortened palate, with or without repair

Question 23

They will simply
just give you vignette of cleft palate + ask what the kid is at risk for?

Answer 23

Velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Question 24

Tracheomalacia. NOT PEDS, but confused with laryngomalacia.

Answer 24

.

Question 25

Tracheomalacia.
causes what?

Answer 25

This is a cause of stridor in (usually) adults who have stridor developing months post-surgery

Question 26

This is a cause of stridor in (usually) adults who have stridor developing months post-surgery

Answer 26

Tracheomalacia.

Question 27

Tracheomalacia. caused by Hx of what?

Answer 27

Caused by Hx of intubation leading to softening of airway cartilage.

Question 28

Caused by Hx of intubation leading to softening of airway cartilage?

Answer 28

Tracheomalacia.

Question 29

Tracheomalacia.
Just know this diagnosis / it exists + don’t confuse with laryngomalacia.

Answer 29

.