Medieval Medicine Flashcards
What was scientific knowledge like in medieval times
Very little
What was public health like
No sanitation or sewers
Belief behind cause of disease
Miasma
When was Black Death
1348
Biggest killers
War and famine
% of children dead before 7
30
Three people to see in medieval England when I’ll
Local wise woman, barber surgeon, uni trained doc
Brief description of wise woman
Local woman who has skills passed through family
Barber surgeon
Carry out minor surgeries trained as an apprenticeship by other barber surgeon
Brief description of uni doc
7 years training without seeing a body, most advanced doctors
Who created 4 humours
Hippocrates
Who came first h or g
Hippocrates
Who created theory of opposites
Galen
Who did the church revolve their medical ideas around
H & G
How did the church control medieval medicine
Provided public health and controlled schooling around medicine, also owned and ran All hospitals
How did the church help medieval medicine
Provided care for ill, allowed h & g’s ideas to be studied and developed in the future
How did the church limit progress of medieval medicine
Limited doctors ability to challenge h & g,many treatments where seen as prayer could cure them
Beleifs of causes of disease in medieval medicine
God causes illness, supernatural ideas - astrology, in balance of the four humours, miasma
Prevention/ treatment methods in medieval medicine
Praying(repenting sins through good acts) rational treatments such as bloodletting and purging, herbal remedies
Key individuals in medieval surgery and what they did
John Bradmore- used honey and wine as antiseptic, wrote his methods in his books to communicate new techniques for other surgeons
Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca - Italian surgeons who questioned ideas of galen that pus was a sign wound was healings. Lucca experimented with herbal remedies as anaesthetics
barber surgeons
Key individuals in Islam medicine medieval
Ibn sina, Al razi, and hunain Ibn shaq
What did Al razi do
Helped plan building of hospital in modern day Iraq, first documented hospital in world
Hung meat in different parts of city and put hospital in place where meat took longest time to rot
Believed In importance of observation and seeking natural causes
First person to identify difference between small pox and measles
Wrote over 200 books which where translated into Latin to teach in Europe
What did ibn sina do
Doctor and astronomer. Wrote many books. Most famous was cannon of medicine in 1025 - ideas about anatomy and human development. Being one of first doctors to build off galen ideas not just copy them.
What where town conditions like
Romans built expensive public health systems, e.g. public toilets but destroyed them to destroy remembrance of Roman Empire. Caused serious consequences to town conditions in medieval period.
How were toilets built in medieval times.
In London toilets built over bridges on Thames so disposed into river.
Some Houses had toilets where waste was just disposed onto street below .
Others just had a bucket (cess pits) and threw waste onto street.
Waste being on street caused many problems such as disease
How did butchers affect public health
Allowed to slaughter animals in towns and cities. Dump waste they didn’t sell on streets or river. Attracted rats which contributed to the Black Death
When was Black Death
1348
Thought to have split into diseases what where they
Bubonic plague - large swelling called buboes - spread by rats fatality rate - 30-60%
pneumonic plague - spread through coughing and sneezing - mortality rate near 100%
Beliefs on causes of Black Death
Miasma, four humours, god, jews, alinement of planets, contact with the infected. (sort of true)
5 Preventions of Black Death
Whipped themselves to show their punishment to god.
Prayer & pilgrimage
Bloodletting
Carry herbs to avoid smell of streets
Herbal remedies
avoiding the infected-quarantine
carrying herbs
Concequences of Black Death
Up to half of population was killed. No cures or treatments where found proved by when it broke out in 1665 they used Same treatments.
what did doctors believe behind causes of disease
that stars alinement caused disease
what did church believe behind causes of diease
disease was a punishment from God
who was the zodiac man
gave information about each part of the body affected by planet and stars
what was the hippocratic oath
an oath for doctors to make sure that the doctor means no harm towards their patients and treat the patient with respect
what did Galen dissect and one problem of this
dissection on apes and pigs which led to incorrect assumptions about the body
what was a problem about H&G
prevented progress as church taught going against them was a sin
how did medieval hospitals prevent medieval progression
they cared instead of cured meaning that meaning that hospitals didn’t find any new discoveries
who were quacks
became more prominent during Renaissance however provided herbal remedies and often ripped people off
what did hunain ibn shaq do
travelled in 9th century to collect ancient Greek text to translate into Arabic
what was medieval surgery techniques and why were they used
surgery was a last resort, 2 methods that were used were trepanning, cauterisation
what was trepanning
hole cut through patients head to remove evil spirits
what was cauterisation
process used to stop bleeding by placing boiling hot iron on wound
