conflict and tension Flashcards
what happened at the Paris peace conference
Jan 1919 32 countries met in palace of Versailles to decide terms of the treaty
which countries were the big 3
France - Georges Clemenceau
USA - Woodrow Wilson
Britain - David Lloyd George
what were France’s aims of punishments for Germany
Pay reparations to repair War damage
Wanted revenge
weaken Germany so it could never attack again
wanted to push back border to the Rhine so that felt more safe
what were Britain’s aims of punishments for Germany
wanted a cautious approach, wanted Germany to be punished but didn’t want Germany to revenge
wanted Germany strong for trade links and to act as a buffer against communism
aimed to gain German colonies and add to the British empire
wanted Naval supremacy by reducing Germany’s navy
what were USAs aims of punishments for Germany
wanted fair peace so Germany wouldn’t seek revenge
proposed the 14 points, including the league of nations and self determination
US public wanted nothing to do with Europe
what were the terms of the TofV
war guilt clause, reparations, Navy restrictions, Anschluss forbidden, 6 battle ships, LofN formed but Germany banned, no submarines tanks or air force, Danzig taken from Germany, army limited, Germany split by Polish corridor, conscription forbidden, Saar given to LofN, demilitarisation of the Rhineland, Germanys colonies given to LofN
what was the amount of reparations
6,600 million pounds
what was Germanys military limited to
Navy - 15,000 men 1500 officers
army - 100,000
how did Clemenceau react to the TofV
Pleased about France getting the Alsace-Lorraine and Germany not having any troops in the Rhineland
unhappy about reparations, thought Germany should pay more, Germany being allowed an army and Rhineland not being completely taken away
how did David Lloyd George react to the TofV
pleased about Britain’s naval supremacy over Germany and British empire receiving more colonies
unhappy about the harsh reperations which would mean Britain would lose trade with Germany and the threat of future war due to Germany’s anger
how did Woodrow Wilson react to the TofV
pleased about the creation of the TofV
unhappy about fourteen points being ignored and the harshness of the treaty
how did Britain react at home to the TofV
Generally thought treaty was fair, could have been harsher
Lloyd George was hailed a hero - said to never be threatened by Germany again
how did France react at home to the TofV
people were furious due to being nowhere near harsh enough, believed Germany should suffer the same way France did in the war
People felt Clemenceau hadn’t done enough to get revenge on Germany, he was voted out next election
how did USA react at home to the TofV
weren’t too involved with war so didn’t want same revenge as Britain and France
many felt it was too harsh, including Wilson
Senate enforced isolationism policy so weren’t allowed to join LofN
how did Germans react to the TofV
war guilt clause was hated
felt backstabbed by November criminals after being told they were winning the war
starving due to lack of trade
uncertainty over Germany’s ruling
felt vulnerable without an army
13% land lost
Diktat - treaty was a dictated peace
what impacts did the TofV have on Germany
kapp putsch - an attempted revoloution
1921 - reperation 6,600 million
1923 - hyperinflation
1924 - USA loans Germany 800 million marks
