Medicine Through Time (Western Front 1)

Question 1

When did World War One begin and end?

Answer 1

August 1914 and ended in November 1918

Question 2

How did WW1 begin?

Answer 2

In 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was killed by a Serbian man. So Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Question 3

Why did Russia get involved in WW1?

Answer 3

It had an alliance with Serbia

Question 4

Why did Germany get involved in WW1?

Answer 4

It had an alliance with Austria-Hungary, so declared war on Russia

Question 5

Why did Britain get involved in WW1?

Answer 5

Germany invaded neutral Belgium, and Britain had an agreement with both Belgium and France

Question 6

When did Britain declare war on Germany?

Answer 6

August 4th 1914

Question 7

What was the more complex trench system that was designed in 1915?

Answer 7

• Front Line Trench
• Support Trench
• Reserve Trench
• These trenches were connected via communication trenches

Question 8

How were trenches dug?

Answer 8

In a zigzag pattern, to prevent the enemy from seeing and firing directly along the trench

Question 9

How deep were trenches generally?

Answer 9

2.5 metres

Question 10

What was the space in between the two lines of trenches called and what was there?

Answer 10

• No man’s land
• Barbed wire to slow down enemy attacks

Question 11

What were dugouts?

Answer 11

• holes dug into the sides of trenches, where men could take cover

Question 12

When was the First Battle of Ypres?

Answer 12

October 1914

Question 13

What happened in the First Battle of Ypres?

Answer 13

• Germans attacked the British positions in the Belgian town of Ypres
• British lost 50,000 troops but managed to keep control of English Chanel Ports

Question 14

What was Hill 60 (1915)

Answer 14

• A made made hill near Ypres that the Germans captured in 1914
• It’s height gave them a strategic advantage
• In 1915, the British tunnelled under the hill, placed 5 mines under it, then blew off the top to recapture it

Question 15

When was the Second Battle of Ypres and what was significant about it?

Answer 15

April and May 1915, it was the first time the Germans used chlorine gas

Question 16

When was the Battle of the Somme?

Answer 16

1916

Question 17

What were the two new tactics the British tried in the Battle of the Somme, that increased casualties?

Answer 17

The creeping barrage: This was where artillery was launched from the trenches just ahead of the British infantry as it advanced forwards.
Tanks: These were unsuccessful because of their low speed and unreliability

Question 18

How many British Soldiers died on the first day of the Battle of the Somme?

Answer 18

Around 20,000

Question 19

How many lives did the Somme cost the British in total?

Answer 19

About 400,000 lives

Question 20

When was the Battle of Arras?

Answer 20

1917

Question 21

What happened in the Battle of Arras?

Answer 21

• The British linked the existing tunnels, caves and quarries at Arras to create a safe underground network, in 1916
• In 1917, 24,000 men who had been hiding attacked. The British advanced nearly 8 miles, but their progress slowed and there were nearly 160,000 British and Canadian casualties

Question 22

What was a salient?

Answer 22

an area of a battlefield that is surrounded by the enemy on three sides, so is very vulnerable

Question 23

When was the third Battle of Ypres?

Answer 23

1917

Question 24

What happened at the third Battle of Ypres?

Answer 24

• Aim was for the British to break out of the Ypres Salient
• The weather turned to rain, and the ground became so waterlogged that men would drown in the mud. By the end the British had regained about 7 miles, but with about 245,000 casualties

Question 25

What was significant about the Battle of Cambrai?

Answer 25

Cambrai saw the first large-scale use of tanks – nearly 500 were used. They could move
easily over the barbed wire and their machine guns were effective.

Question 26

When was the Battle of Cambrai?

Answer 26

1917

Question 27

What did the communication trench allow for?

Answer 27

Allowed men to run up and down between the lines with material and supplies without having to go over open ground.

Question 28

Features of the reserve trench?

Answer 28

• 350 - 550 metres behind the front line
• Reserve trench was safer then the support trench so could keep extra supplies, cooks and medics

Question 29

Features of the support trench?

Answer 29

• 60 - 90 metres behind trenches on the front line, protecting it from shell bombardment aimed at the front line
• Connected to the front line by communication trenches, so soldiers could retreat to it

Question 30

What two trenches were on the front line?

Answer 30

• Fire trenches
• Supervision trenches