Elizabethan England (Key topic 2) Flashcards
When was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
1569 -70
Why did the Revolt of the Northern Earls happen?
- To make England Catholic again
- The Earls resented their loss of influence in Elizabeth’s court when she appointed ‘new men’ such as William Cecil and Robert Dudley.
What was the marriage plan from the Earls?
To marry Mary, Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk, depose Elizabeth and make Mary queen.
What happened in the revolt of the Northern Earls?
- Rebels, led by the Earls of Westmorland and
Northumberland, marched to Durham and took control of the cathedral. They then continued south. BUT support did not arrive from Spain. - Elizabeth moved Mary to Coventry, away from the rebellion so she couldn’t escape to them
Why did the revolt fail?
- Support from Spain never arrived.
- Many northern landowners remained loyal
to Elizabeth. - Many landowners did not want to risk losing
wealth gained from the dissolution of the
monasteries under Henry VIII by backing a
failed revolt.
What was the significance of the Revolt?
- It showed that Mary, Queen of Scots couldn’t be trusted.
- It led to Elizabeth’s excommunication by the pope, which encouraged further plots against Elizabeth.
What was the Ridolfi plot?
- An Italian banker, Roberto Ridolfi, who was a spy for the pope, planned to murder Elizabeth, start a Spanish invasion and put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Mary would then marry the Duke of Norfolk.
- Ridolfi travelled to the Netherlands to discuss the plot with Philip II of Spain and the Duke of Alba. Philip instructed Alba to gather 10,000 troops for the invasion.
- Sir William Cecil discovered the plot and had the Duke of Norfolk tried for treason and executed.
- Elizabeth would
not agree to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots
When was the Ridolfi plot?
1571
Why was the Ridolfi plot significant?
it confirmed that Spain, English Catholics and Mary were all still a major threat to Elizabeth.
What was the Throckmorton Plot?
- The French Duke of Guise plotted to invade England, overthrow Elizabeth and make England Catholic.
- Philip II of Spain offered to help pay for the revolt. The pope gave his approval. Francis Throckmorton offered to pass letters between the plotters and Mary.
- Sir Francis Walsingham (Secretary of State) discovered the plot. Throckmorton was executed.
When was the Throckmorton plot?
1583
Why was the Throckmorton Plot significant?
it showed the threat from France and Spain. Elizabeth cracked down on Catholic
sympathisers: 11,000 were imprisoned or kept under house arrest.
What was the Babington plot?
- The Duke of Guise planned to invade England, murder Elizabeth and put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. This
plot was also supported by Philip II and the pope. - Walsingham intercepted letters between Mary and Babington which proved her involvement in the plot.
- Babington and the other plotters were executed. In October 1586, Mary was sentenced to death.
When was Mary setenced to death?
In October 1586
Why was the Babington Plot significant?
it led to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. Persecution of Catholics intensified
